Grade 9 (Computer)

Grade 9: Page 12
a. Define the term computer in your own word.

In simple words, a computer is a machine that performs calculations or processes information according to a set of instructions given by the user.

 

b. Who is known as father of computer and why?

Charles Babbage is known as the father of the computer because he designed the Analytical Engine, which was the basic framework and innovation of today's modern computers.

 

c. Why is computer important in modern life?

Computers are important in modern life because they make people's activities easier and more comfortable. They provide opportunities for staying in touch with billions of people who may be in different parts of the world. They are also used in various purposes such as work, entertainment, study, trade, communication, official use, health sector, teaching and learning, business, and service delivery.

 

d. Write any two merits and any two demerits of computer?

Two merits of computers are that they have made our lives easier and faster by helping us to do many hard works quickly and inexpensively, and they are useful for entertainment. Two demerits are that they can isolate people from one another and affect our eyesight due to radiation.

 

e. Write the basic function of computer.

The basic functions of a computer are data input (inserting data and instructions), data processing (manipulation of instructions), data storage (saving data for future use), and data output (displaying processed information).

Write short answer of the following questions.

a. Write any four characteristic features of computer.

Four characteristic features of a computer are:

High speed - Computers can perform billions of calculations per second.

Accuracy - Computers can perform tasks with zero error rates.

Decision making - Computers can manage and prioritize tasks based on stored data.

Diligence - Computers can work for hours without fatigue and can perform the same task with the same accuracy every time.

 

b. Why computers are called diligence and versatile machines?

Computers are called diligence and versatile machines because they can work for hours without fatigue and can perform a wide variety of tasks in various sectors.

 

c. What are limitations of computer? List any three of them.

Three limitations of computers are:

No self-intelligence - Computers cannot think or make decisions on their own.

No feeling - Computers do not have emotions, taste, or experience like humans.

Dependency - Computers can only perform tasks that can be expressed in a series of finite steps, and cannot draw conclusions without going through all intermediate steps.

d. Write the application of computer in education and communication.

The application of computer in education and communication are:

i) In education: computers provide tools such as Computer Based Education (CBE), Web-Based Education (WBE), tutorial CDs, etc., for study purposes.

ii) In communication: computers help in sending and receiving emails, video conferencing, social media, and other messaging applications.

e. How does computer help in government sector?

Computers help the government sector by providing services such as electronic voting, record keeping, taxation, law enforcement, and military operations.

 

Write very short answer of the following questions:

a. What is computer technology?

Computer technology refers to the field of study that involves the design, development, and application of computers.

 

b. Who was Charles Babbage?

Charles Babbage was an English mathematician and inventor who is credited with designing the first mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine.

 

c. What is the meaning of the word "Computare" ?

The word "computare" means "to calculate" in Latin.

 

d. Write the full form of IPOS?

The full form of IPOS is Input, Processing, Output, and Storage.

 

e. What is the result of data processing?

The result of data processing is the transformed data in a more useful form.

 

f. What is the purpose of ATM?

The purpose of ATM (Automated Teller Machine) is to allow users to perform banking transactions such as withdrawals, deposits, and transfers without the need for a bank teller.

 

g. Is video conferencing possible through computer?

Yes, video conferencing is possible through computers.

 

h. Write any two merits of computer.

Two merits of computers are:
i. High speed

ii. Accuracy.
OR,
Two merits of computers are their high processing speed and accuracy in performing calculations and tasks.

 

i. List any two limitations of computer.

Two limitations of computer are:
a. No self-intelligence
b. No feeling.

 

j. Write two use of computer in communication.

Two uses of computers in communication are video conferencing and emailing.

 

k. Do computers have common sense?

No, computers do not have common sense.

 

 

Write long answer of the following questions:

a. Discuss the major features of computer.

The computer is an electronic device that processes data and instructions provided by the user. It has several features that make it an important device in modern life. Some of the major features of a computer are:

 

Speed: Computers are designed to process data and instructions quickly. They can perform millions of operations in seconds, making them ideal for tasks that require speed and accuracy.

 

Storage: Computers have the ability to store large amounts of data and information. They use hard disks, flash drives, and other storage devices to store data, which can be accessed at any time.

 

Accuracy: Computers are designed to perform calculations and other tasks with a high degree of accuracy. They are programmed to perform operations without errors and are reliable in performing repetitive tasks.

 

Automation: Computers are capable of performing tasks without human intervention. This allows for greater efficiency and productivity in many industries.

 

Connectivity: Computers can be connected to networks, the internet, and other devices, which allows for easy communication and data sharing between users.

 

Multimedia: Computers can process and display various types of media, including text, images, video, and sound. This makes them useful for tasks such as graphic design, video editing, and music production.

 

Portability: Computers come in a range of sizes and can be portable or stationary. This makes them useful for a variety of applications, from mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to desktop computers and servers.

 

b. Explain the uses of computer in real-life situations.

Computers have become an integral part of modern life, and are used in a wide range of applications across various industries. Some of the uses of computers in real-life situations are:

 

Banking: Computers are widely used in the banking industry for tasks such as online accounting, ATM machines, online communications, and digital fund transfers.

 

Marketing: Computers are used for advertising, home shopping, and market research, making it easier to reach a wider audience and increase sales.

 

Insurance: Insurance companies use computers to keep track of policies, interest due, and other important information related to their customers.

 

Engineering: Computers are used in structural engineering, industrial engineering, and architectural engineering, providing stress and strain analysis, designing integrated systems, and planning towns and buildings.

 

Healthcare: Computers are used in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries for patient record keeping, scanning and diagnosing diseases, and patient monitoring.

 

Military: Computers are used in missile control, military communication, military operation and planning, and smart weapons, making them an important tool in defense.

 

Communication: Computers are used for electronic mail, online chatting, video conferencing, and social media, making it easier to communicate with people all over the world.

 

Government: Computers are used for budget preparation and distribution, tax computations, census data, electronic governance services, and natural disaster and weather forecasting.


Match the following groups:

Group A Group B

a. Milliseconds iv. One billionth

b. Microseconds iii. One thousandth

c. Picoseconds ii. One trillionth

d. Nanoseconds i. One millionth

 

Group A Group B

a. Analytical Engine iii. Early concept of computer

b. Global communication ii. Application of computer

c. E-governance iv. Merits of computer

d. Destroy social life i. Demerits of computer

 

Fill in the blanks with the correct word:

a. Data are stored in computer.

b. The computer can produce accurate result if input is correct.

c. Computer cannot change the program steps itself.

d. Computer in banks are used to withdraw money through ATM.

e. Processing speed is the repeatedly and continuously working capacity of computer.

 

State whether the following statements are true or false:

a. True

b. True

c. False (The use of computers in several fields is known as application or implementation, not diligence)

d. True

e. False (Present world heavily relies on computer)

f. True

g. False (Computers in engineering are used for designing and simulation, not playing video games)

 

Write suitable technical terms for the following statements:

a. Data

b. Data processing

c. Error

d. Versatility

e. Software

 

Select the correct answer from the given alternatives:

a. iv. Computare

b. i. GIGO

c. i. Accuracy

d. ii. Data processing

e. iv. All of the above

f. iii. Fraction of second

g. iv. Dependency

h. iv. All of the above

 

Write full form of the following:

a. ABBS - Any Branch Banking Service

b. CAD - Computer-Aided Design

c. GIGO - Garbage In Garbage Out

d. CPU - Central Processing Unit

e. WBE - Web-Based Education

f. CBE - Computer-Based Education

g. ATM - Automated Teller Machine

h. ECG - Electrocardiogram

i. CT Scan - Computed Tomography Scan

j. DVD - Digital Versatile Disc

 

 

 

Chapter 2

1. Short answer questions:
a. What are the major classifications of digital computers?

The major classifications of digital computers are: supercomputers, mainframe computers, mini computers, workstation computers, and micro computers.

 

b. What are supercomputers? What are their applications?

Supercomputers are the most powerful computers in the world. They are huge in size, have high processing speeds and are the most expensive than other computers. These computers are used to process large amounts of data to solve complicated scientific problems. Supercomputers incorporate architectural and operational principles from parallel and grid processing, where a process is simultaneously executed on thousands of processors or is distributed among them. Some of the applications of supercomputers in real-life situations are: automobile industries, meteorological centers, structural mechanics industries, petroleum industries, and aerospace industries.

 

c. What is the difference between mainframe and mini computers?

Mainframe computers are ultra-high-performance computers made for high-volume, processor-intensive computing. They are larger in size, have higher processing speed, larger storage capacity, and are more expensive than mini computers. These computers are typically used by large businesses and for scientific purposes. In contrast, mini computers are medium-sized computers that are more powerful than microcomputers. They are called average-sized computers that are intermediate between a microcomputer and a mainframe in size, speed, and capacity. The mini computers can support time-sharing, and that is often dedicated to a single application.

 

d. Why are micro computers called general-purpose computers?

Microcomputers are called general-purpose computers because they are capable of executing a wide variety of tasks. They are small-sized computers that use microprocessors as their CPU. These computers are designed to be used by one person at a time and support a networking environment, internet system, and advanced software. Microcomputers are single user computers and are used in most fields.

 

e. What is a personal computer? Write two types of personal computers.

A personal computer is a single-user-oriented and general-purpose microcomputer processing system that can execute program instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks. A personal computer fits on a normal size of an office table and contains a monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. Two types of personal computers are desktop computers and laptop computers.

 

f. Write short notes on mobile computing.

Mobile computing is a form of human-computer interaction in which a computer is transported during normal usage. It allows people to use computers while on the move, such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables. Mobile computing has revolutionized the way people communicate, work, and entertain themselves. Mobile computing involves wireless transmission and reception of data and communication among devices. Some of the applications of mobile computing are mobile banking, mobile learning, mobile entertainment, and mobile healthcare.

Write very short answer to the following questions:

a. Are general purpose computers, personal computers?

Answer: General purpose computers can be personal computers, but not all personal computers are general purpose.

b. Write two examples of special-purpose computing devices.

Answer: Examples of special-purpose computing devices include Barcode scanners, ATM machines, and traffic light controllers.

c. Which was the earliest analog device used for mathematical calculation?

Answer: The earliest analog device used for mathematical calculation was the abacus.

d. What type of data is processed by digital computer?

Answer: Digital computers process digital data.

e. Write two examples of hybrid computer.

Answer: Examples of hybrid computers include: Medical diagnosis system, flight simulation system.

f. Name the super computer developed by China.

Answer: The supercomputer developed by China is the Sunway TaihuLight.

g. Write two examples of mainframe computer.

Answer: IBM System z, Unisys ClearPath Dorado.

h. Where are mini computers mostly used?

Answer: Small businesses, scientific and engineering applications.

i. What type of operating system is used in PC?

Answer: PC typically uses a Windows, macOS , Linux operating system, etc.

j. Is PDA a mobile computer?

Answer: Yes, PDA is a mobile computer.

k. Which type of computer mainly contains a phone book?

Answer: PDA/Smartphones mainly contain a phone book.

l. Write two examples of latest mobile computing devices.

Answer: Examples of latest mobile computing devices include smartwatches, fitness trackers. Smartphones, tablets, etc.

a - i

b - ii

c - i

d - v

e - vi

f - v

 

a. False

b. True

c. False

d. True

e. True

f. False

g. True


Multiple Choice Questions:

a. iv. All of the above

b. iv. IBM 1401

c. i. Trinity

d. ii. Digital

e. ii. Minicomputer

f. iv. All of the above

g. i. Laptop

 

Technical Terms:

a. Single-purpose computers

b. Workstations

c. Microcomputers

d. Hybrid computers

e. Discrete data processing computers

f. Laptops

g. Desktop computers

 

Full Forms:

a. Bit - Binary Digit

b. FMC - Fixed Mobile Convergence

c. ICU - Intensive Care Unit

d. IBM - International Business Machines Corporation

e. ICL - International Computers Limited

f. PC - Personal Computer

g. HSPDA - High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

h. PDP - Programmed Data Processor

i. HP - Hewlett-Packard

j. PC - Personal Computer



Chapter 3

Answer the following questions:

a. Define the term computer system in your own sentence?

A computer system is a complete and functional combination of interconnected hardware, software, liveware (users), and data that work together to perform specific tasks.

 

b. List the elements of a computer system.

The elements of a computer system include hardware (e.g., keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit), software (programs that enable computer operation), data (unprocessed raw facts and figures), and users (individuals who operate the computer).

 

c. How is output generated by a computer?

Output is generated by a computer through the process of producing results from processed data, which is then transformed into useful information. The output can be displayed to the user and stored in secondary storage devices for further processing.

 

d. Draw the diagram of the IPOS cycle of computer processing.

(Diagram in your Book)

Input: Data and programs are entered into the computer system.

Process: The computer processes the input data according to the given instructions using the processing unit, which involves calculations, manipulations, and logic operations.

Output: Results are produced from the processed data, providing useful information that can be displayed to the user or stored for future use.

Storage: Data and instructions are saved and stored in secondary storage devices for faster access and processing by the computer system.

 

 

Write very short answer of the following questions:

a. Write basic hardware of a computer system.

The basic hardware of a computer system includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit (which contains the CPU and other components), printer, scanner, microphone, web camera, and joystick.

 

b. What is the role of the user in a computer system?

The role of the user in a computer system is to operate the computer, provide input data or instructions, interact with the software and hardware components, and make decisions based on the output generated by the computer.

 

c. What is the function of CPU in a computer system?

The function of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a computer system is to perform calculations, execute instructions, and coordinate the activities of all the other hardware components. It is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer.

 

d. What is meant by the clock speed of the CPU?

The clock speed of the CPU refers to the frequency at which the CPU can process instructions and perform operations. It is measured in Hertz (Hz) and indicates the number of cycles the CPU can execute per second. A higher clock speed generally means faster processing.

 

e. What is the role of the control unit?

The control unit is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of the other hardware components in a computer system. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and directs the appropriate components to perform the necessary operations.

 

f. What is microarchitecture in a computer?

Microarchitecture, also known as computer organization, refers to the internal design and organization of the CPU. It defines how the CPU's components, such as registers, data paths, and control units, are implemented to execute instructions and perform computations.

 

g. Write the sub-sections of the CPU.

The sub-sections of the CPU include the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), which performs arithmetic and logical operations; the control unit, which coordinates the activities of other components; and the registers, which are high-speed storage units used for temporary data storage and processing.

 

h. Does the control unit perform computations?

No, the control unit of the CPU does not directly perform computations. Its main function is to control and coordinate the activities of the other components, such as fetching instructions, decoding them, and directing the flow of data between different parts of the CPU and memory.

 

i. Which memory holds the address of active memory?

The memory unit that holds the address of active memory is the primary memory, also known as the main memory or RAM (Random Access Memory). It is the fastest accessible memory in a computer system and is used to store data and instructions that are actively being processed by the CPU.

 

 

2.            Match the following pairs.

Group A               Group B

a. Central Processing Unit - ii. Process instructions

b. Arithmetic and Logical Unit - iii. Calculate instructions

c. Control Unit - ii. Control instructions

d. Memory Unit - i. Hold instructions

 

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

a. The integration of hardware, software, liveware, and data makes a computer system.

b. Data are unprocessed facts or symbols of the computer system.

c. Clock speed is the rate of the processor that completes the processing cycle.

d. Memory unit is also known as the functional unit of computer system.

e. Instruction set architecture is an embedded programming language of the CPU.

 

4. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Input, process and output completes the IPOS cycle. - True

b. CU is responsible to perform arithmetic calculations. - False

c. Secondary storage are also known as auxiliary memory. - True

d. Input unit provides data for computer processing. - True

e. Software enables the computer to do particular work. – True

 

5.            Choose the correct answer from the given options.

a. Which of the following is not the component of computer system?

iv. Operator

 

b. Which of the following is called liveware?

iv. All of the above

 

c. Which is not a part of computer architecture?

iv. PSA

 

d. How is clock speed of processor measured?

i. Megahertz

 

6. Write suitable technical term for the following statements:

a. The complete and full functional computer.

Answer: Computer System

 

b. The unit which provides the outcome of data processing.

Answer: Output Unit

 

c. The part of computer architecture that defines data path and storage elements.

Answer: Micro Architecture (MA)

 

d. The basic operational structure of computer system.

Answer: Computer Architecture

 

Write full form of the following.              

a. IPOS - Input, Process, Output, Storage

b. CPU - Central Processing Unit

c. ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit

d. CU - Control Unit

e. MU - Memory Unit

f. SDA - System Design Architecture

g. ISA - Instruction Set Architecture

i. MA - Micro Architecture

Concept of Programming language.

1. Write short answers to the following questions.

a. Define programming language with types.

Programming language is an artificial language used to communicate instructions to a computer. It consists of a set of rules and syntax that define the structure and behavior of the instructions. Programming languages are classified into different types, including machine level language, assembly language, and high-level language.

 

b. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of machine language. Why programming is easier in high-level language?

 

Advantages of machine language:

·       Execution speed: Machine language instructions can be executed directly by the computer without the need for translation, making it faster than higher-level languages.

·       Efficient memory usage: Machine language uses binary digit codes, which require less memory compared to higher-level languages.

Disadvantages of machine language:

·       Difficulty for learners: Programming in machine language is challenging for beginners as it requires a deep understanding of computer architecture and low-level operations.

·       Lack of portability: Machine language programs are specific to the computer's architecture, making them non-portable and unable to run on different systems without modification.

Programming is easier in high-level language because:

 

Abstraction: High-level languages provide a higher level of abstraction, allowing programmers to focus more on problem-solving rather than dealing with low-level details.

Readability and maintainability: High-level languages use English-like syntax and provide built-in functions and libraries, making code easier to read, understand, and maintain.

c. Write one example each of three types of language translator.

Three types of language translators are:

·       Compiler: A compiler translates high-level languages into machine code. Examples include the C compiler, which translates C code into executable machine code.

·       Interpreter: An interpreter reads, translates, and executes one statement at a time from a high-level language. An example is the BASIC interpreter, which interprets and executes BASIC code line by line.

·       Assembler: An assembler translates low-level assembly code into machine code. Pseudo assembly language can be assembled into machine code using an assembler.

d. Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.

Compiler:

 

a.     Translates entire high-level language program into machine code before execution.

b.     Produces an executable file of machine code (object code).

c.     Compiled programs no longer need the compilation step to be executed.

d.     Error reports are produced after the full program has been compiled.

e.     Examples include C compiler, C++ compiler.

Interpreter:

a.     Translates and executes one statement at a time from a high-level language.

b.     Does not produce an executable file of machine code.

c.     Interpreted programs require the interpreter to be executed.

d.     Error messages are produced immediately when an error is encountered, and the program stops at that point.

e.     Examples include BASIC interpreter, Python interpreter.

 

Write short answers to the following questions.

1. Write short answer to the following questions.

a. Write any four characteristics of good algorithm.

Four characteristics of a good algorithm are:

Input: An algorithm should have one or more inputs, which are the quantities given to it initially.

Finiteness: An algorithm must always terminate after a finite number of steps.

No uncertainty: Each step of an algorithm must be precisely defined, with actions specified for each case.

Output: An algorithm has one or more outputs, which have a specified relation to the inputs.

b. Write two of each approaches and drawbacks of flowchart.

Approaches of using flowcharts:

Efficient Coding: Flowcharts act as a guide during systems analysis and program development, helping in creating efficient code.

Communication: Flowcharts facilitate communication by visually representing the logic of a system to all stakeholders involved.

Drawbacks of using flowcharts:

Complex logic: Flowcharts can become complex and ineffective when the program logic is complicated.

Alterations and Modifications: Modifying flowcharts can be time-consuming as they may require complete re-drawing.

c. Draw flowcharting symbols for decision and processing purpose.
(Write from your book)

d. What is an algorithm? From which word is it derived?

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a problem or perform a task. The word "algorithm" is derived from the name Al'Khwarizmi, an Islamic mathematician who wrote on Hindu-Arabic numerals.

 

e. Write some drawbacks of flowchart.

Some drawbacks of flowcharts are:

·       Complex logic: Flowcharts may become complex and cumbersome to understand when dealing with complicated program logic.

·       Alterations and Modifications: Making alterations or modifications to a flowchart can be time-consuming, as it may require re-drawing the entire flowchart.

·       Reproduction difficulties: Flowchart symbols cannot be easily typed, making the reproduction of flowcharts a challenge.

·       Lack of standardization: Flowchart symbols and conventions may vary, leading to difficulties in understanding flowcharts created by different individuals or organizations.

 

Write very short answers to the following questions.

a. Who is considered as the first computer programmer?

Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.

b. Which digits are used by machine language?

 

Machine language uses binary digits (0 and 1).

c. Write any two codes of assembly language?

Two codes of assembly language are ADD (for addition) and CMP (for compare).

 

d. Write the name of any two high-level languages.

Two high-level languages are C and Java.

e. Is QBASIC a compiler-based programming language?

No, QBASIC is an interpreter-based programming language.

f. Which symbol is used to input data in a flowchart?

The symbol used to input data in a flowchart is a parallelogram.

g. Who is credited for the development of algorithm?

The development of the algorithm is credited to Al-Khwarizmi, an ancient Persian mathematician.

h. Is an algorithm a programming language?

No, an algorithm is not a programming language. It is a step-by-step procedure or a set of rules used to solve a problem.

 

i. What is the purpose of the diamond symbol in a flowchart?

The diamond symbol in a flowchart represents a decision point or a conditional statement.

 

j. Who developed the Perl programming language?

The Perl programming language was developed by Larry Wall.

 

k. What is meant by source code?

Source code refers to the human-readable instructions written in a programming language that can be converted into machine-executable code.

 

l. Which symbol in a flowchart is used to make decisions?

The symbol used to make decisions in a flowchart is a diamond shape.

m. Who gave the concept of a flowchart?

The concept of a flowchart was introduced by Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann in the 1940s.

 

n. Which codes are used by machine-level language?

Machine-level language uses binary codes, represented by combinations of 0s and 1s, to communicate instructions to the computer's hardware.

3. Match the following.

a. Java - ii. James Gosling

b. Algorithm - iii. Al-Khowarismi

c. Flowchart - iv. John von Neumann

d. Python - i. Guido Von Rossum

 

4. Write technical term for the following statements:

a. The process of writing programs in computer using programming language.

Programming or Coding

 

b. Set of rules used to write programs in High-Level Language.

Syntax

 

c. A native programming language of a computer.

Machine Language or Assembly Language

 

d. A machine-independent and problem-oriented language.

High-Level Language

 

e. A programming language that uses alphanumeric codes.

Assembly Language

 

f. The stepwise instructions used to solve particular problems.

Algorithm

 

4. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a. Computer uses natural language for programming. False

b. The process of typing a document is known as programming. False

c. Program execution in Assembly Language is faster than Machine Level Language. False

d. The person who does programming is called a programmer. True

e. Low-level language uses syntax while writing a program. True

f. Python is a general-purpose object-oriented programming language. True

 

 

Select the correct answer from the given options.

a. Which of the following language is used by the computer?

ii. Programming language

 

b. Which of the following is a structured programming language?

iv. None of the above

 

c. Which type of language is known as a third-generation programming language?

iii. High level

 

d. Who is responsible for coding the program?

i. Programmer

 

e. Which type of language does not require conversion software?

iv. Machine level

 

f. Which is known as the blueprint for codes?

i. Algorithm

 

Write full forms:

a. MLL - Machine Level Language

b. ALL - Assembly Language

c. HLL - High-Level Language

d. QBASIC - Quick Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

e. BASIC - Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

f. OOP - Object-Oriented Programming

 

 

INTRODUCTION TO QBASIC PROGRAMMING

1. Write short answers to the following questions.

a.  What is QBASIC? Write two files required to load QBASIC.

QBASIC is a high-level programming language that allows users to write programs. It uses syntax rules, English-like words, and mathematical symbols to write programs. The programs written in QBASIC need to be converted into machine codes. QBASIC provides a working area to write programs and has its own interpreter. It is called an interpreter-based language because it converts one statement of a program into machine code at a time.

 

The two files required to load QBASIC are:

 

QBASIC.EXE - The executable file of the QBASIC interpreter.

QBASIC.HLP - The help file that provides assistance and documentation for using QBASIC.

 

b. List any four features of QBASIC.
Four features of Qbasic are:

User-friendly and flexible: QBASIC is designed to be easy to use and provides flexibility in programming.

Syntax rule checking: QBASIC automatically checks the syntax rules of keywords to ensure proper programming.

Capitalization of reserved words: QBASIC automatically capitalizes reserved words to enforce proper usage.

Modularity: QBASIC allows breaking lengthy programs into smaller modules, making it easier to manage and understand code.

 

c. What is the difference between immediate and program window? Write any four common menu names of the QBASIC screen.

 

The difference between the immediate and program window in QBASIC is as follows:

Program Window: This is the upper window where users can write and edit program codes. It is used for creating, editing, and viewing the actual program.

Immediate Window: This is the lower window below the program window. It is used to test commands and expressions, and the results are displayed immediately after pressing the enter key. It can be used for quick testing and experimentation.

Four common menu names of the QBASIC screen are:

File: Provides options for creating, opening, saving, and printing files.

Edit: Offers options for editing and manipulating the code, such as cut, copy, paste, and clear.

View: Allows customization of the view, including displaying subroutines and the output screen.

Run: Provides options for starting, restarting, and continuing the execution of the program.

 

d. Write steps to start QBASIC.

There are different methods to start QBASIC, but a common method is as follows:

 

Step 1: Locate the QBASIC folder icon on the desktop and double-click to open it.

Step 2: Search for the QB.EXE file within the QBASIC folder and double-click on it.

Step 3: This will load QBASIC and display the welcome screen.

Step 4: Press the Esc key to remove the information and get to the QBASIC Editor Screen, where you can start writing and editing programs.

 

2. Write short answers to the following questions.

a. What are the steps to save a program in QBASIC?

The steps to save a program in QBASIC are:

1.     Press CTRL+S key or ALT+F followed by the S key.

2.     Highlight the "Save As" option.

3.     Press the Enter key to display the Save Dialog Box.

4.     Enter a filename in the Filename text box.

5.     Press the Enter key to save the program.

 

b. What are four building blocks of QBASIC programming?

Four building blocks of QBASIC programming are:

 

·       Character sets: Collection of alphabets, numbers, and special symbols used in programming.

·       Data types: Determine the type of values and operations that can be performed on them.

·       Variables: Named storage locations used to store and manipulate data during program execution.

·       QBASIC keywords: Predefined words reserved by QBASIC for specific tasks or functions.

 

c. How do you define data type in QBASIC? Provide suitable examples.

A data type in QBASIC represents the type of data that can be processed. Examples of data types are:

 

Integer data type: e.g., PI% = 22/7

Long integer data type: e.g., PI& = 22/7

Single precision data type: e.g., PI! = 22/7

Double precision data type: e.g., PI# = 22/7

String data type: e.g., LET NAAM$="Creative"

 

d. What is the classification of number data type?

The classification of number data types in QBASIC includes:

o   Integer data type (declared with percentage symbol %)

o   Long integer data type (declared with ampersand symbol &)

o   Single precision data type (declared with exclamation mark symbol !)

o   Double precision data type (declared with hash symbol #)

 

e. What is a variable? Provide two rules for naming a variable.

A variable is a named storage location in the computer memory used to store data temporarily. Two rules for naming a variable in QBASIC are:

 

Ø  Variable names must begin with a letter or alphabets.

Ø  Variable names cannot be reserved words or keywords in QBASIC and should not contain wildcard characters, blank spaces, or QBASIC symbols.

 

f. How do you differentiate between a numeric variable and a string variable?

·       Numeric variables store numeric values used for mathematical calculations, while string variables store alphanumeric characters enclosed in double quotes.

 

·       Numeric variables can have different numeric data types (integer, long integer, single precision, double precision), while string variables are denoted by a dollar ($) sign in QBASIC.

 

 

3. Write short answers to the following questions.
a. What is meant by string literal and number literal?

String literal: A string literal in QBASIC refers to a collection of letters, words, numbers, or special characters enclosed in double quotes. It represents fixed values that cannot be changed during program execution. Mathematical operations cannot be performed on string literals. Examples include "Kathmandu-34," "SYMBOL NO:10205," "!!! Welcome to QBASIC World !!!," and "13th September."

 

Number literal: A number literal in QBASIC refers to a numeric value with or without a decimal point. It is used for calculations and can be modified during program execution. Number literals should not contain characters and should not be enclosed in double quotes. Examples include 25, 105.50, 1720, and 45603. Number literals can be of different types, such as integer, long integer, single precision, or double precision.

 

b. Define symbolic constant with its related statement.

A symbolic constant in QBASIC is a fixed notation whose value cannot be modified during program execution. It can be either a number or a string and is defined using the CONST statement. Symbolic constants are useful when a value needs to remain constant throughout the program.

 

For example: CONST PI = 3.14

In the above statement, the symbolic constant PI is defined with a value of 3.14. This value remains fixed and cannot be modified during the execution of the program.

 

c. Distinguish between implicit and explicit variable declaration.

Implicit declaration: Implicit declaration is a type of variable declaration where the variable type is defined during the program coding. The variable type is implied by the usage of special symbols, such as $ for string variables and % for integer variables. Implicit declaration requires less memory and is commonly used by beginners in programming.

 

Example: LET BOOK$ = "CREATIVE COMPUTER 9"

LET PRICE% = 350

 

In the above example, the variables BOOK$ and PRICE% are implicitly declared as string and integer, respectively, using the declaration symbols $ and %.

 

Explicit declaration: Explicit declaration is a type of variable declaration where the variable type is explicitly declared before the program using the DIM statement. It requires more memory and is useful for developing complex and large programs in QBASIC.

 

Example:

DIM BOOK AS STRING

DIM PRICE AS INTEGER

LET BOOK = "CREATIVE COMPUTER 9"

LET PRICE = 350

 

In the above example, the variables BOOK and PRICE are explicitly declared as string and integer, respectively, using the DIM statement.

 

d. What are operator and operand in QBASIC?

Operator: An operator in QBASIC is a symbol that represents an action or process and instructs the interpreter to perform specific mathematical, relational, or logical operations on one or more operands. Operators manipulate values or operands to produce a final result. Examples of operators in QBASIC include + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and = (equality).

 

Operand: An operand in QBASIC can be any numerical literal (value), variable, constant, or expression on which an operation is performed. It is the data or value that is being operated on or manipulated by the operator. For example, in the expression "10 + 20," the operands are 10 and 20, and the operator is +. In QBASIC, operands can be numeric values, variables, constants, or expressions that evaluate to a value.

 

 

Write short answers to the following questions.

a. What is a logical operator? Write the truth table of the NOT operator.

Logical operator: Logical operators are special symbols used in QBASIC to perform operations that make decisions based on the values of operands. They are used to combine or modify the results of relational expressions. The logical operators in QBASIC are:

 

AND operator: Returns true if all the individual relational expressions are true.

OR operator: Returns true if at least one of the relational expressions is true.

NOT operator: Returns the opposite of the logical value. If the result of a logical operation is true, the NOT operator returns false, and vice versa.

Truth table of the NOT operator:

 

Condition (X)	Result (Not X)
False	True
True	False

 

 

b. What is an assignment operator? Which symbol is used for this purpose? Define an expression with one example of a string expression.

 

Assignment operator: An assignment operator is used to assign a new value to a variable. In QBASIC, the equal sign (=) is used as the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right side to the variable on its left side.

 

Example of a string expression:

A$ = "Hello"

B$ = "World"

C$ = A$ + B$

PRINT C$

 

In the above example, the assignment operator (=) is used to assign the value "Hello" to the variable A$ and the value "World" to the variable B$. The expression A$ + B$ concatenates the two string variables, resulting in the value "HelloWorld." The resulting string is stored in the variable C$ and then printed.

 

c. Discuss the terms operand and operator with an example.

 

Operand: An operand is a value or expression on which an operation is performed by an operator. It can be a numerical literal, variable, constant, or the result of an expression. Operands provide the data for the operators to manipulate and produce a result.

 

Example: In the expression "5 + 3," the operands are 5 and 3. The addition operator (+) performs the operation on these operands, resulting in the value 8.

 

Operator: An operator is a symbol or special character that represents an action or operation to be performed on one or more operands. It specifies the type of operation to be carried out and how the operands should be manipulated.

 

Example: In the expression "5 + 3," the plus sign (+) is the operator. It instructs the interpreter to perform the addition operation on the operands 5 and 3, resulting in the sum of 8.

 

d. Differentiate between the AND operator and the OR operator.

 

AND operator: The AND operator in QBASIC returns true only if all the individual relational expressions connected by AND are true. It performs a logical conjunction, meaning it evaluates to true if all conditions are true, and false if any condition is false.

 

OR operator: The OR operator in QBASIC returns true if at least one of the individual relational expressions connected by OR is true. It performs a logical disjunction, meaning it evaluates to true if any condition is true, and false only if all conditions are false.

 

Example:

A = 5
B = 10
C = 7
REM AND operator
IF A > 0 AND B > 0 AND C > 0 THEN
  PRINT "All numbers are positive."
ELSE
 PRINT "At least one number is not positive."

END IF

 

REM OR operator

IF A = 0 OR B = 0 OR C = 0 THEN

  PRINT "At least one number is zero."

ELSE

  PRINT "None of the numbers are zero."

END IF

 

In the above example, if all three numbers A, B, and C are positive (greater than zero), the AND operator returns true, and the message "All numbers are positive" is printed. If any of the numbers is not positive, the AND operator returns false, and the message "At least one number is not positive" is printed.

 

Similarly, if any of the numbers A, B, or C is zero, the OR operator returns true, and the message "At least one number is zero" is printed. If none of the numbers is zero, the OR operator returns false, and the message "None of the numbers are zero" is printed.

 

1. Write very short answer to the following questions:

a. Who developed the BASIC programming language?

Answer: John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz developed the BASIC programming language.

 

b. Write two popular versions of BASIC.

Answer: Two popular versions of BASIC are Microsoft BASIC and QBASIC.

 

c. What are the general files consisted by QBASIC?

Answer: The general files consisted by QBASIC include program files (.BAS), data files (.DAT), and screen files (.SCR).

 

d. Which windows of QBASIC also known as direct window?

Answer: The Immediate Window in QBASIC is also known as the direct window.

 

e. Which key is used to execute QBASIC program?

Answer: The F5 key is used to execute a QBASIC program.

 

f. Which key is used to move the cursor at the beginning of a line?

Answer: The Home key is used to move the cursor at the beginning of a line.

 

g. Which shortcut key is used to save a QBASIC program?

Answer: The shortcut key Ctrl+S is used to save a QBASIC program.

 

h. Write an example of single precision data type.

Answer: Example: LET x! = 3.14

 

i. Which symbol ends the string variable?

Answer: The double-quote symbol (") ends the string variable in QBASIC.

 

j. Which statement is used for symbolic constant?

Answer: The CONST statement is used for symbolic constants in QBASIC.

 

k. Write an example to declare an explicit numeric variable.

Answer: Example: DIM x AS INTEGER

 

l. Which operator is used for modular division?

Answer: The MOD operator is used for modular division in QBASIC.

 

m. What is the output of true and false in the OR operator?

Answer: The output of true (True) and false (False) in the OR operator is true (True).

 

n. Which symbol is used to merge two strings?

Answer: The plus symbol (+) is used to merge two strings in QBASIC.

 

o. Which is an assignment operator?

Answer: The equal sign (=) is the assignment operator in QBASIC.

 

p. Write the operators used in integer division.

Answer: The forward slash (/) operator is used for integer division in QBASIC.

 

q. Which declaration symbols are used for single precision and double precision numeric variables?

Answer: The declaration symbols used for single precision and double precision numeric variables are "!" and "#", respectively.

 

r. Is the # symbol used to declare a string variable in QBASIC?

Answer: No, the # symbol is not used to declare a string variable in QBASIC. It is used for file operations, such as reading from or writing to files.

2. Match the following:

a. Ctrl + S               v. To save the file

b. Ctrl + O              iv. To open the file

c. F6 key                 iii. To change QBASIC screen

d. F5 key                 ii. To run the program

e. ALT+ENTER      i. Switching between modes

 

 

3. Fill in the blanks.

a. QBASIC is a high-level programming language.

b. .BAS is the extension of QBASIC program file.

c. We can press F5 Function key to execute QBASIC program.

d. In the Immediate window, we can see the result immediately after pressing the Enter key.

e.  \  is the operator used to perform integer division in QBASIC.

f. To concatenate two strings we can use   +   string operator.

g. In variable declaration, the statement DIM is used.

 

4. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. QBASIC is a compiler-based programming language. False

Reason: QBASIC is an interpreted programming language, not a compiler-based language. In QBASIC, the program is executed directly without the need for compilation into machine code.

 

b. Character sets in QBASIC are the collection of letters, numbers, and some special symbols. True

Reason: Character sets in QBASIC indeed consist of letters (both uppercase and lowercase), numbers, and special symbols. These characters are used to write and represent code, data, and text within a QBASIC program.

 

c. AND is a common relational operator used in QBASIC. True

Reason: AND is a logical operator in QBASIC that is used for logical conjunction. It evaluates two conditions and returns true if both conditions are true, otherwise, it returns false. It is commonly used for combining multiple conditions in logical expressions.

 

d. A variable that stores numeric data is called a string variable. False

Reason: A variable that stores numeric data is called a numeric variable, not a string variable. String variables are used to store and manipulate text or character data in QBASIC. Numeric variables, on the other hand, are used to store and perform calculations on numeric values.

 

e. Number literals are the real numbers used for arithmetic calculation. True

Reason: Number literals in QBASIC represent specific numeric values that are used for arithmetic calculations. They can include integers, decimals, or exponential notation, and they are used directly in calculations without the need for variable assignment or computation.

Computer Hardware

a. Define the term hardware with some examples.

• Hardware refers to the tangible components of a computer system.
• Examples of hardware include the monitor, keyboard, data storage devices (e.g., hard drive), system unit, motherboard, and more.
  

b. What are motherboard and microprocessor as computer hardware?

• Motherboard: It's the main circuit board of a computer, often called the system board or logic board. It provides connectivity and serves as a platform for various components to interact.
• Microprocessor: Also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), it's the brain of the computer responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and managing tasks.
  

c. What is bus? List the types of system bus.

• A bus in computing is a set of physical connections that allow different hardware components to communicate and transfer data between each other.
• Types of system buses:
• Data Bus: Transfers data between components and memory.
• Address Bus: Carries memory addresses from CPU to memory.
• Control Bus: Sends control signals for coordination among components.
  

d. What is a math processor? Write its functions.

• A math processor is a secondary processor in a computer that handles complex mathematical calculations, particularly those involving floating-point (decimal) numbers.
• Functions of a math processor:
• It performs arithmetic and mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division involving decimal numbers.
• It's dedicated to handling numeric computations, freeing up the main CPU for other tasks.
• Math processors are crucial for scientific calculations, engineering simulations, and graphics rendering.

Short answer questions:

a. What is computer memory? Write the major types of computer memory.

Computer memory is where a computer stores data and instructions needed for processing. It's divided into several types:

• Primary memory: This is the computer's main memory, built into the hardware. It includes RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory).
• Secondary memory: This is auxiliary storage for long-term data storage. Examples are hard disks, CDs, and DVDs.
  

b. Distinguish between primary and secondary memory?

Primary Memory (Main Memory):

• Function: Primary memory stores data and instructions actively used by the CPU during program execution.
• Volatile: It loses data when powered off since it relies on electrical charges.
• Speed: Offers fast access as it's directly connected to the CPU.
• Types: Includes RAM for active data and ROM for permanent system instructions.

Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Storage):

• Function: Provides long-term storage for files and data not currently processed by the CPU.
• Non-Volatile: Retains data even when the computer is turned off.
• Speed: Access is slower compared to primary memory due to mechanical or optical factors.
• Types: Includes hard disks, SSDs, optical discs, and tapes for larger storage capacity.
  

c. What types of memories are ROM and RAM?

• ROM (Read Only Memory) is a type of primary memory. It stores data permanently and doesn't require power to keep the information.
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is another type of primary memory. It's volatile, meaning it needs constant power to retain data.
  

d. Write the advantage of magnetic storage over sequential storage devices.

Magnetic storage, like hard disks, offers advantages over sequential storage in terms of speed and random access. Magnetic storage allows quick data retrieval and modification compared to the sequential access nature of devices like magnetic tape, which requires searching sequentially for the desired data.

e. Why is the hard disk so popular as an auxiliary storage device?

Hard disks are popular auxiliary storage devices due to their:

• Large storage capacity: They can store a vast amount of data.
• Speed: Hard disks provide relatively fast data access compared to other secondary storage options.
• Durability: They are robust and less prone to physical damage.
• Cost-effectiveness: They offer a good balance of storage capacity and cost.

Short answer questions

a. Why is flash memory popular these days?

Flash memory is popular for its portability, affordability, and ease of use, like in USB pen drives.

b. Define optical storage with two examples.

Optical storage refers to using laser technology to read and write data on reflective discs. Examples: CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) and DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read-Only Memory).

c. Write short notes on cache and virtual memory.

• Cache Memory: Cache is a small, high-speed memory located between CPU and main memory. It stores frequently used data, reducing access time and improving CPU performance.
• Virtual Memory: Virtual memory is a technique that uses a portion of a computer's storage (usually a hard drive) as an extension of physical RAM. It allows running larger applications without running out of memory.
  

d. Write the advantages of cloud storage.

• Scalability: Cloud storage can easily accommodate varying storage needs without physical upgrades.
• Accessibility: Data can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
• Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go model eliminates the need for upfront hardware investment.
• Redundancy: Data is often stored redundantly across multiple servers, ensuring reliability.
• Disaster Recovery: Cloud providers often have backup and recovery mechanisms in place.
• Collaboration: Facilitates sharing and collaboration on documents and projects.

Write short answer of the following questions.

a. Mention the basic types of cloud storage.

• Private Cloud Storage
• Public Cloud Storage
• Hybrid Cloud Storage
• Community Cloud Storage
  

b. Define the terms bit and bytes as memory measurement units.

• Bit: The smallest unit of measurement, with a value of 0 or 1.
• Byte: Consists of 8 bits and is used as a fundamental unit of measurement for data.
  

c. What are input devices? Write few examples.

Input devices are hardware components that allow users to send data and instructions to a computer. Examples include keyboard, mouse, scanner, touch pad, microphone, and more.

d. What is the difference between text input and pointing input devices?

Text input devices (e.g., keyboard) enter alphanumeric data directly, while pointing input devices (e.g., mouse, touch pad) control the movement of a cursor on the screen.

Differences Between Text Input and Pointing Input Devices

Aspect	Text Input Devices	Pointing Input Devices
Function	Used for entering text, numbers, and symbols.	Used for moving the cursor and interacting with objects on the screen.
Examples	Keyboard, touchscreen keyboard.	Mouse, touchpad, trackball, stylus, touchscreen.
Usage	Ideal for typing documents, emails, coding.	Useful for navigating interfaces, drawing, gaming.
Working Principle	Pressing keys produces characters on the screen.	Moving the device moves an arrow/cursor on the screen; clicking selects items.
Design & Layout	Consists of keys arranged in QWERTY layout.	Various designs, may have buttons, wheels, or touch-sensitive areas.
Common Tasks	Writing essays, coding, data entry.	Browsing the web, playing games, graphic design.
Examples in Devices	Laptops, desktops, smartphones with keyboards.	Computers, laptops, tablets with touchpads or touchscreens.

e. Write short notes on BCR and QR scanner.

• BCR (Bar Code Reader): Reads bar codes, converting them into alphanumeric values. Uses laser-beam scanning technology for data capture.
• QR Scanner (Quick Response): Scans QR codes, which are matrix barcodes that can be converted into numbers or characters upon scanning.

Short answer questions.

a. Define output devices with examples.

• Output devices are the components of a computer that produce results or information. They can be used to display information on a screen, print text or images on paper, or create sound. Examples: monitors, printers, speakers, and plotters.
  

b. Differentiate between softcopy and hard copy output devices:

• Softcopy output: Softcopy output is displayed in audio or visual form, such as on monitors or speakers. It is temporary and not produced on a physical medium.
• Hardcopy output: Hardcopy output is produced on a physical medium, like paper, and can be touched and carried. Examples include printers and plotters. It is permanent in nature.
  

Softcopy Output	Hardcopy Output
Displayed in audio or visual form.	Displayed in printed or recorded form.
Temporary in nature.	Permanent in nature.
Expensive.	Cheaper.
Examples: Monitor, Speaker	Examples: Printer, Plotter

c. Why do departmental stores choose dot matrix printers rather than laser printers?

• Departmental stores choose dot matrix printers over laser printers because dot matrix printers are more cost-effective for printing large volumes of receipts and invoices. They can create multiple copies through carbon paper, which is important for record-keeping. Dot matrix printers are suitable for certain business needs despite their lower speed and quality compared to laser printers.
  

d. Write the role of modem in data transmission.

• A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a communication device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals suitable for transmission over telephone lines or other analog communication channels. It modulates digital signals into analog signals for transmission and demodulates analog signals back into digital signals for reception. Modems are used to connect computers to the internet service provider (ISP) via telephone lines, allowing data communication between computers.
  

e. What is port? Differentiate between serial and parallel ports.

• Port: A port is an interface or connection point on a computer system used to transfer data into or out of the system. It facilitates communication between the computer and external devices.
  
  A port is an interface on a computer system used to connect external devices for data input or output. It serves as a connection point through which information flows between the computer and peripherals.

Serial Port	Parallel Port
Transmits data one bit at a time	Transmits multiple bits in parallel
Slower data transfer speed	Faster data transfer speed
Used for devices like mice, keyboards, modems	Used for printers and scanners
Typically 9 or 25 pins	Usually 25 pins
Connector type: RS-232C connector	Connector type: Centronics connector

Very short answer questions.

a. Name any two input hardware devices.

Answer: Keyboard, Mouse

b. What is also called printed circuit board?

Answer: Motherboard

c. What is address bus in computer?

Answer: Address bus is a computer bus that carries memory addresses.

d. What is also called Real Time Clock?

Answer: Real Time Clock (RTC) is also called a hardware clock or system clock.

e. Write the function of math co-processor?

Answer: Math co-processor performs mathematical operations quickly and accurately.

f. Write two examples of primary memory?

Answer: RAM, ROM

g. What is PROM in computer?

Answer: PROM stands for Programmable Read-Only Memory, a type of memory that can be programmed only once.

h. Which storage device accesses data sequentially?

Answer: Magnetic Tape

i. What is Optical Character Recognition (OCR)?

Answer: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of converting images of text into machine-readable text.

j. Why SSDs are getting more popular in recent times?

Answer: SSDs are getting more popular due to their faster speed, reliability, and energy efficiency.

k. Write the name of any two magnetic storage devices.

Answer: Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Magnetic Tape

l. Is a hard disk primary memory?

Answer: No, a hard disk is a secondary memory/storage device.

m. What type of memory is a pen drive?

Answer: Pen drive is a type of secondary memory (storage) device.

n. Write two examples of optical storage devices.

Answer: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM

o. What is cache memory?

Answer: Cache memory is a high-speed volatile computer memory that stores frequently used instructions/data.

p. How many bits make a nibble?

Answer: A nibble is made up of 4 bits.

q. What is the collection of 2048 bytes called?

Answer: A collection of 2048 bytes is called 2 kilobytes.

r. Write any two soft copy output devices.

Answer: Monitor, Projector

s. Is dot matrix an impact printer?

Answer: Yes, dot matrix is an impact printer.

t. "Laser printers are cheaper than daisy wheel printers", is it true?

Answer: No, laser printers are generally more expensive than daisy wheel printers.

u. What is the purpose of ports in the computer?

Answer: Ports in a computer are used to connect external devices for data exchange.

v. Which device is connected to parallel ports?

Answer: Printers, Scanners (some models)

Match the following.
Group A Group B

a. QR Scanner ix. Text input

b. Ports vii. Connecting interface

c. Plotter v. Hard copy output

d. Cache iii. Fastest memory

e. Optical i. Blue ray

f. Expansion Slot iv. Video card

g. Data bus ii. Transfer data

True or False.
a. Hardware is the physical parts which make computer system. - True

b. Random Access Memory is a permanent memory. - False

c. Secondary memory stores data temporarily. - False

d. Monitor is a hard copy output device. - False

e. Mouse is a pointing input device. - True

f. Primary memory is more expensive than secondary memory. - False

g. A hard disk is made up of platters. - True

h. Modem is also known as an Input Output device. - True

i. Touchpad is a pressure-sensitive device. - True

j. Daisy wheel is a non-impact printer. - False

4. Write technical terms for the following statements.

a. The tangible parts which make computer system.

Answer: Computer hardware

b. The system board where all the vital components of computer are connected.

Answer: Motherboard

c. A computer device that gives soft copy audio output.

Answer: Speaker

d. An example of sequential access secondary storage device.

Answer: Magnetic tape

e. A device which converts analog signal to digital and vice versa.

Answer: Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)

f. A device which is used to take video or photographs for computer input.

Answer: Digital camera

g. The type of memory whose contents are lost during blackout.

Answer: Volatile memory

h. The electronic pathway on motherboard.

Answer: Bus

i. The device which is used to produce large image and graphics in printed form.

Answer: Plotter

j. The high-speed memory kept in between CPU and main memory.

Answer: Cache memory

Fill in the Blanks:
a. CMOS is also known as Real-Time Clock.

b. LAN port is used to connect computers in a local network.

c. Flash storage device is replacing CD ROMs in the near future.

d. Plotter is also a hardcopy output device beside the printer.

e. Math Coprocessor assists in performing complex mathematical problems quickly.

f. The memory which is kept in between CPU and main memory is called Cache Memory.

g. In Private cloud storage, the infrastructure is used by a single person or company.

h. There are eight bits in one byte.

Full Forms:
a. RTC: Real-Time Clock

b. BIOS: Basic Input/Output System

c. CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

d. CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

e. QR Scanner: Quick Response Scanner

f. HDD: Hard Disk Drive

g. GPU: Graphics Processing Unit

h. VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration

i. BCR: Barcode Reader

j. AMD: Advanced Micro Devices

k. PCB: Printed Circuit Board

l. PROM: Programmable Read-Only Memory

m. IC: Integrated Circuit

n. UVEPROM: Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

o. PLC: Programmable Logic Controller

p. SRAM: Static Random-Access Memory

q. DRAM: Dynamic Random-Access Memory

r. MODEM: Modulator-Demodulator

s. LAN: Local Area Network

t. HPSB: High-Performance Switching Bus

u. LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

v. LED: Light Emitting Diode

w. VGA: Video Graphics Array

x. HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface

y. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

z. OCR: Optical Character Recognition

aa. SSD: Solid State Drive

Select the correct answer from the given options.

a. What is keyboard exactly known as?

i. Pointing device ii. Text input deviceiii. Voice input device iv. Sound input device

Answer: ii. Text input device

b. Which device is used to input voice?

i. Sound card ii. Speaker

iii. Memory card iv. Air phone

Answer: i. Sound card

c. Which of the following is non-impact printer?

i. Dot matrix ii. Daisy wheel

iii. Laser iv. None of the above

Answer: iii. Laser

d. Which of the following device stores data optically?

i. CD - ROM ii. Floppy disk

iii. Pen drive iv. Hard Disk

Answer: i. CD - ROM

e. Which of the following is known as flash drive?

i. DVD - ROM ii. Zip Disk

iii. Pen drive iv. Cache memory

Answer: iii. Pen drive

f. Which input device is mainly used to play computerized games?

i. Mouse ii. Touch pad

iii. Joystick iv. Track Ball

Answer: iii. Joystick

g. Which memory needs period refreshing?

i. SRAM ii. EPROM

iii. DRAM iv. PROM

Answer: iii. DRAM

h. Which of the following is internal hardware of computer?

i. Motherboard ii. Projector

iii. Speaker iv. Scanner

Answer: i. Motherboard

i. Which of the following is the fastest memory of computer?

i. RAM ii. ROM

iii. Cache iv. All of the above

Answer: iii. Cache

j. Which of the following device stores the start up programs of the computer?

i. ROM BIOS ii. Expansion Slots

iii. Math processor iv. None of the above

Answer: i. ROM BIOS

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Write very short answers to the following questions.

a. Write two examples of packaged software.

• Microsoft Office
• Adobe Photoshop
  

b. Is Linux operating system software?

• Yes
  

c. Write the name of any two utility software.

• Antivirus
• Disk Cleanup Tool
  

d. What is the purpose of a compiler?

• The purpose of a compiler is to translate high-level programming code into machine code.
  

e. Is QBASIC an interpreter-based language?

• Yes
  

f. Write two high-level programming languages.

• Java
• Python
  

g. Who develops tailor software?

• Tailor software is developed by individual developers or software development companies based on specific requirements.
  

h. Give the name of two engineering software.

• AutoCAD
• MATLAB
  

i. Are open source software payable?

• No, open source software is usually free to use.
  

j. What type of software is Google Docs?

• Google Docs is a web application.
  

k. What is a mobile app?

• A mobile app is a software application designed to run on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets.
  

l. Write two advantages of web apps.

• Accessibility from any device with an internet connection.
• Automatic updates.
  

m. Write the related open source software for Microsoft Word and Microsoft Access.

• Related open source software for Microsoft Word: LibreOffice Writer, Apache OpenOffice Writer.
• Related open source software for Microsoft Access: LibreOffice Base, Apache OpenOffice Base.

Write short answer the following questions.

a. What is open source software? Write two graphics open source software.

Open source software refers to software that is made available with a license that grants users the freedom to view, modify, and distribute the source code. This allows for collaboration and improvement by a community of developers. Two examples of open source graphics software are GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) and Inkscape.

b. Mention the advantages of open source software.

Advantages of open source software include:

• Cost-effective: No need to purchase licenses, reducing costs.
• Customizability: Users can modify the source code to suit their needs.
• Security: Transparency of code allows for thorough security checks.
• Collaboration: A community of developers can contribute to improvement.
• Flexibility: No vendor lock-in, as users can switch between software freely.

c. Define desktop apps with its one disadvantage.

Desktop apps are software applications that are installed on a local computer and run independently. They provide various functions and services to users. One disadvantage of desktop apps is that they require manual updates, and users need to ensure they have the latest version for security and feature improvements.

d. Write about web apps with two examples.

Web apps are software applications that run on web browsers and require an internet connection. They provide users with various services and functionalities. Examples of web apps are Google Docs (for document editing) and Trello (for task management).

e. Differentiate between Web apps and desktop apps.

Web Apps:

• Accessed through web browsers.
• Require an internet connection.
• Run on various devices with a browser.
• Updates are automatic.
• Examples: Google Docs, Facebook.

Desktop Apps:

• Installed on a local computer.
• Can work offline.
• Run on a specific operating system.
• Manual updates required.
• Examples: Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop.
  

f. Discuss the types of mobile apps.

Mobile apps can be categorized into three types:

Gaming Apps:

These are like video games you play on computers. Many people love them and download them a lot.

Productivity Apps:

They help make work easier. For example, they can help with emails, tracking tasks, and booking hotels.

Lifestyle and Entertainment Apps:

These are for your personal life and having fun with friends. You can use them for dating, talking on social media, and sharing videos. Apps like Netflix, Facebook, and TikTok are in this group.

M-commerce Apps:

These are for shopping online. You can use them to buy things from places like Amazon and eBay. Also, there are travel apps that help when you're going on trips, like booking tickets and finding places on maps. There are also apps for health and scanning barcodes.

1. How does application software differ from system software?

Application software serves users by performing specific tasks, while system software manages and supports the computer's hardware and overall operation without direct user interaction.

Application Software:

• User-Focused: Application software is primarily designed to cater to the needs of end-users, providing specific functionality or solving particular tasks.
• Task-Oriented: Its main purpose is to perform tasks like word processing, gaming, graphic design, or data analysis, making it application-specific.
• Interacts with Users: Application software interacts directly with users and typically has a graphical user interface (GUI) for user convenience.
• Varies Widely: There is a vast variety of application software, each serving a distinct purpose and often created by different developers.
• Examples: Word processors, web browsers, video editors, and spreadsheet applications fall under this category.

System Software:

• System-Focused: System software is primarily concerned with managing and controlling computer hardware, ensuring efficient operation.
• Infrastructure: It provides essential services and functions required for the computer's operation, such as managing memory, devices, and file systems.
• No Direct User Interaction: System software doesn't typically have a user interface; users interact with it indirectly through application software.
• Universal Functionality: System software is essential for the computer to function, and it's consistent across different computers and platforms.
• Examples: Operating systems (like Windows, macOS, and Linux), device drivers, and utility programs (e.g., antivirus software) fall into this category.

2. List two advantages and two disadvantages of customized software:

• Advantages:
• Tailored Fit: Custom software perfectly matches specific needs.
• Efficiency: It streamlines processes and enhances productivity.
• Disadvantages:
• Costly Development: Creating custom software can be expensive.
• Maintenance Complexity: Frequent updates and modifications are necessary.

3. Why are package software called general purpose software?

• Package software is termed general purpose because it's designed for common tasks, suitable for a wide range of users, without being customized for any specific individual or organization.

4. Write short notes on firmware:

• Firmware is a mix of hardware and software stored in non-changeable memory.
• It's like the built-in rules guiding devices such as traffic lights, phones, and cameras.
• Firmware is vital for devices to function correctly and provides their control programs.
• Stored in memory types like ROM or flash memory, it's not easily modifiable during device operation.

Write short answers to the following questions: 

a. Define computer software with examples.

Computer software refers to programming code that a computer's processor executes. It can be machine-level code or code written for an operating system. Examples of computer software include:

• Operating Systems: Such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• Application Software: Like Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, and Google Chrome.
• Utility Software: Such as antivirus programs, disk cleanup tools, and file management systems.

b. Write any four functions of System software.

System software serves several essential functions, including:

• Linking Hardware and Software: It creates a bridge between computer hardware and application software, ensuring they can communicate effectively.
• Managing Hardware Resources: System software oversees and allocates hardware resources like CPU, memory, and peripherals.
• Enabling Program Execution: It facilitates the execution of other programs, managing the loading and running of applications.
• Translation Between User and Hardware: System software acts as a translator, converting user instructions into machine-level language that hardware understands.

c. What is utility software? Write two utility programs.

Utility software is a type of software that helps maintain the proper functioning of a computer system and assists the operating system in managing and optimizing system resources. Two examples of utility programs are:

• Disk Cleanup Tool: This program helps free up disk space by identifying and removing unnecessary or temporary files from the computer, improving system performance. Examples include Razer Cortex and Piriform CCleaner.
• Antivirus Software: These utilities protect the computer from malicious software (viruses, malware, etc.) by detecting, quarantining, or removing harmful files. Examples include McAfee Antivirus and Windows Defender.

d. Write the difference between compiler and interpreter.

Compiler: 

• Transforms entire source code into machine code at once.
• Program debugging is harder.
• Program execution is faster.
• Examples: C and COBOL compilers.
  

Interpreter: 

• Translates code line by line and executes it immediately.
• Program debugging is easier.
• Program execution is slower.
• Examples: BASIC and QBASIC interpreters.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Software is the physical parts of computer. False

b. System software helps computer hardware to work together. True

c. Package software is developed by software companies. True

d. Microsoft word is system software. False

e. Open source software does not give right to modify. False

f. Utility software helps to maintain hardware. True

g. Compiler translates the statement line by line. False

h. Desktop applications are always offline. False

Group A Group B

a. Scandisk iv. Utility software

b. Google Docs iii. Web application software

c. Thunderbird i. Open source software

d. Microsoft Word i. Desktop Application software

4. Write technical terms for the following statements.

a. A collection of programs which make computer work. Operating System

b. A language processor that converts assembly language codes in to machine language. Assembler

c. Software that is the basic requirement of a computer. System Software

d. The software which help to maintain the hardware and software. Utility Software

e. Application software that is designed for an organization. Tailored Software

f. The software which does not provide right to modify. Closed Source Software

g. The binary code obtained after the translation of source code. Object Code

h. The application which needs internet to access and update. Web Application

Select the correct answer from the given options.

a. What is meant by software?

i. Group of programs ii. Group of parts

iii. Group of users iv. Group of games

Ans: i. Group of programs

b. Which of the following is language processor?

i. Compiler ii. Interpreter

iii. Assembler iv. All of the above

Ans: iv. All of the above

c. Which of the following is system software?

i. Microsoft Word ii. Microsoft Access

iii. Microsoft DOS iv. Microsoft Excel

Ans: iii. Microsoft DOS

d. Which is web application software?

i. Netflix ii. Codepen.io

iii. Pirlr.Com iv. All of the above

Ans: iv. All of the above

e. Which of the following is used for maintenance of hardware and software?

i. Device Driver ii. Utility software

iii. Operating system iv. Source code

Ans: ii. Utility software

f. Which of the following is open source software?

Ms Office ii. Oracle

Photoshop iv. Linux

Ans: iv. Linux

g. Which of the following is application software?

i. Windows XP ii. Unix

iii. PowerPoint iv. Disk Cleanup

Ans: iii. PowerPoint

h. Which of the following is open source software?

i. Apache ii. MSDOS

iii. Photoshop iv. Windows 7

Ans: i. Apache

6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

a. The Programming languages are used to develop application and system

software.

b. Open source software is also known as Free Software

c. Access is Database type of software developed by Microsoft.

d. Desktop applications have more control over a user's computer compared to Web applications.

e. Mozilla Firefox is Web browsing open software

7. Write full forms of the following.

a. OS - Operating System

b. FS - Free Software

c. GPL - General Public License

d. OSS - Open Source Software

e. MSDOS - Microsoft Disk Operating System

f. CLI - Command Line Interface

g. HLL - High-Level Language

h. SDK - Software Development Kit

Web Technology

a. What is web technology? Write any two server-side programming languages.

Answer: Web technology involves methods and tools for communication between computers using markup languages and multimedia. Two server-side programming languages are ASP (Active Server Page) and PHP (Personal Home Page).

b. Write the role of HTML in web page designing.

Answer: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) defines the structure and content of web pages, including layout, text, images, and links, ensuring proper display in web browsers.

c. Differentiate between static and dynamic web pages.

Answer:

Static Web Pages	Dynamic Web Pages
Contents are constant and unchanged	Content can change dynamically
Prebuilt content loaded each time	Content generated on-the-fly using server-side code
Limited interactivity, no real-time updates	Real-time updates and interactions possible
Example: Standard HTML pages	Example: A news website showing real-time updates

d. List any four advantages of using HTML.

Answer:

Simplicity: Easy to learn and use, especially for beginners.

Cross-Browser Compatibility: Can be executed on various web browsers.

Formatting and Multimedia: Supports formatting, images, audio, video, etc.

Hyperlinking: HTML enables the creation of hyperlinks that connect different web pages.

e. Discuss the types of HTML tags with examples.

Answer: HTML tags are keywords used to structure and format web documents. They are classified into two types:

• Container or Paired Tags: These tags have both start and end tags, and they enclose content that should be affected by the tag. Example: <TITLE> HTML is a markup language </TITLE>.
• Empty or Singular Tags: These tags do not have corresponding end tags and are standalone. Example: <IMG SRC="Flower.JPG">

Write short answer of the following questions:

a. Mention any four rules for HTML tags and attributes.

Answer:

• HTML tags are enclosed in angle brackets, like <tag>.
• The closing tag must be closed with a forward slash before the tag name, like </tag>.
• HTML tags are not case-sensitive, but attribute values may be.
• Attributes are placed within the start tag and have a value assigned using an equal sign, like <tag attribute="value">.
• Attribute values are often enclosed in double quotes (e.g., <IMG SRC="photo.jpeg">).

b. Write the basic structure to implement an HTML document.

Answer: The basic structure of an HTML document includes the following tags:

<HTML>

    <HEAD>

        <TITLE>Page Title</TITLE>

    </HEAD>

    <BODY>

        Content of the web page goes here.

    </BODY>

</HTML>

c. Why is an HTML document executed?

Answer: An HTML document is executed to view the result of the HTML codes in a web browser. The browser interprets the HTML tags and displays the content and structure as intended.

d. Write the function of <TITLE> and <BODY> tags.

Answer:

• <TITLE>: This tag defines the title of the web page, which appears in the browser's title bar or tab. It also appears when users bookmark the page.
• <BODY>: This tag contains the main content of the web page, such as text, images, links, tables, and more. It defines the visible part of the page that users see in the browser.
  

e. Write the steps to modify an HTML document.

Answer:

• Locate and select the HTML file you want to modify.
• Right-click on the file and choose "Open with" and select "Notepad" (or any text editor).
• Make the necessary modifications to the HTML content.
• Save the modified file.
• Alternatively, you can also open the HTML document in a web browser, view its source, make changes, and save them.

a. What is heading? Write the types of heading.

Answer: A heading in HTML is a tag used to indicate the hierarchical structure of the content. It represents the title or main topic of a section. HTML has six levels of headings, ranging from <h1> (largest) to <h6> (smallest).

b. Why are horizontal lines needed in an HTML document?

Answer: Horizontal lines, created using the <hr> tag, are used to visually separate sections or content within an HTML document. They help in improving the readability and organization of the content by providing a clear visual break.

c. Write suitable entities to display the symbols &, ©, ¥, <.

Answer:

• &amp; displays the symbol &: This is used to escape the ampersand character in HTML.
• &copy; displays the copyright symbol ©.
• &yen; displays the yen symbol ¥.
• &lt; displays the less than symbol <.
  

d. Write the use and syntax of the following tags.

• <P> tag:
  Use: The <p> tag is used to define paragraphs of text.
  Syntax: <p align="left/right/center/justify"> Paragraph text </p>
  
• <BR> tag:
  Use: The <br> tag inserts a single line break.
  Syntax: <br>
  
• <CENTER> tag:
  Use: The <center> tag is used to center-align text or content.
  Syntax: <center> text to center </center>

Short answer questions.
a. Why do we need to format the HTML document?

Answer: Formatting an HTML document is important for improving the visual presentation and readability of the content. Proper formatting enhances the overall look of the webpage by adjusting font size, style, color, and alignment. It helps in creating a more appealing and organized user experience.

b. What type of font is called a monospaced font?

Answer: A monospaced font, also known as a fixed-width or non-proportional font, is a type of font where each character occupies the same amount of horizontal space. Examples of monospaced fonts include Courier, Consolas, and Monaco.

c. Write any four text style and effect tags.

Answer: Some common text style and effect tags are:

• <b>: Bold text
• <i>: Italic text
• <u>: Underlined text
• <sup>: Superscript text (text that appears above the normal line)

d. Write the use and syntax of the <FONT> and <PRE> tags.

• <FONT> tag:
• Use: The <font> tag is used to change the font size, color, and face of text.
• Syntax: <font attributes>Text to format here</font>
• <PRE> tag:
• Use: The <pre> tag is used to preserve the formatting of text exactly as it appears in the HTML document.
• Syntax: <pre>Preserved text format</pre>

e. Write HTML codes to change text to italics and bold.

• To change text to italics using <i> tag: <i>Italic text</i>
• To change text to bold using <b> tag: <b>Bold text</b>

Write short answer to the following questions:

a. What is an image? Write any two image file types.

Answer: An image is a visual representation of an object, scene, or concept. It is produced by an optical or electronic device and can be displayed on digital screens or printed on physical media. Two image file types are:

• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
• PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
  

b. Write the tags for creating a table row and table cells.

Answer:

• Table Row: <tr> tag is used to create a table row.
• Table Cells: <td> tag is used to create data cells within a table row.
  

c. Why are HTML tables useful in designing web pages?

Answer: HTML tables are useful for organizing and structuring data in a tabular format. They allow you to present data in rows and columns, making it easier for users to read and comprehend. Tables are commonly used to display information in a structured manner, such as comparison charts, pricing tables, schedules, and more.

d. Write the use and function of <IMG> and <TH> tags.

• <IMG> tag:
• Use: The <img> tag is used to insert an image into an HTML document.
• Function: It displays the specified image on the web page. The src attribute specifies the image file source, and the alt attribute provides alternative text for the image.
• <TH> tag:
• Use: The <th> tag is used to define table headers in an HTML table.
• Function: It represents a table header cell, which is typically bold and centered. It is often used to label columns or rows in a table.
  

e. Write HTML codes to create a table with two columns and font row and fill the suitable data.

<html>

<head>

    <title>Sample Table</title>

</head>

<body>

    <table border="1">

        <tr>

            <th>Column 1</th>

            <th>Column 2</th>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>Row 1, Column 1</td>

            <td>Row 1, Column 2</td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>Row 2, Column 1</td>

            <td>Row 2, Column 2</td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

            <td>Row 3, Column 1</td>

            <td>Row 3, Column 2</td>

        </tr>

    </table>

</body>

</html>

Short Answer Questions.
a. Write the types of HTML lists?

Answer: There are three types of HTML lists:

• Unordered Lists (<ul>): Lists without any specific order, where items are typically represented with bullets or other symbols.
• Ordered Lists (<ol>): Lists with a specific order, where items are numbered or lettered.
• Definition Lists (<dl>): Lists that contain terms and their corresponding definitions.
  

b. What is a hyperlink in HTML?

Answer: A hyperlink in HTML, commonly referred to as a link, is a reference that allows users to navigate from one web page to another or to a different section of the same page. Hyperlinks are created using the <a> (anchor) tag and can be applied to text, images, or other elements. They enable users to interact with web content and access related information easily.

c. Write the use of <U.L>, <MARQUEE>, and <A> tags.

• <U.L> tag: There is a typo in your question. I assume you meant <ul> for unordered lists. It is used to create unordered lists with items represented by bullets or symbols.
• <MARQUEE> tag: This tag is used to create scrolling text or images that move horizontally or vertically across the screen.
• <A> tag: This tag is used to create hyperlinks that link to other web pages or resources. It enables users to navigate to different locations on the web.
  

d. Demonstrate HTML numbered list with an example.

<html>

<head>

    <title>Numbered List Example</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Numbered List Example</h1>

    <ol>

        <li>First item</li>

        <li>Second item</li>

        <li>Third item</li>

    </ol>

</body>

</html>

Note: In this example, the <ol> tag is used to create an ordered (numbered) list, and each <li> tag represents a list item.

Short answer questions:
a. Why is the <FORM> tag used in HTML?

Answer: The <FORM> tag in HTML is used to create a section of a document that contains interactive controls, also known as form elements. These form elements allow users to input and submit information to a web server for processing. Forms are commonly used for various purposes, such as user registration, login, data submission, surveys, and more.

b. Define a radio button with its purpose in HTML form.

Answer: A radio button in HTML is a type of input element that allows users to select a single option from a set of mutually exclusive choices. Radio buttons are typically used in forms where users need to choose one option from several options. Only one radio button within a group can be selected at a time. To define a radio button, you use the <input> tag with the type attribute set to "radio."

c. Write the use and syntax of <INPUT> and <SELECT> tags.

• <INPUT> tag: The <input> tag is used to create various types of input fields within a form, such as text input, radio buttons, checkboxes, and more. 
• The syntax is:
  <input type="input_type" name="input_name" value="default_value">

Example:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" checked> Male

<SELECT> tag: The <select> tag is used to create a dropdown list within a form. It allows users to choose one option from a list of predefined options. The syntax is:

<select name="select_name">

  <option value="option_value">Option Text</option>

  <!-- Additional options can be added here -->

</select>

Example:
<select name="cars">

  <option value="volvo">Volvo</option>

  <option value="saab">Saab</option>

  <option value="fiat">Fiat</option>

  <option value="audi">Audi</option>

</select>

d. Write an HTML document to demonstrate a simple form element.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>Simple Form Example</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Simple Form Example</h1>

    <form action="/submit" method="post">

        <label for="name">Name:</label>

        <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br><br>

        <label for="email">Email:</label>

        <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br><br>

        <label>Gender:</label>

        <input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">

        <label for="male">Male</label>

        <input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">

        <label for="female">Female</label><br><br>

        <label for="country">Country:</label>

        <select id="country" name="country">

            <option value="usa">USA</option>

            <option value="canada">Canada</option>

            <option value="uk">UK</option>

        </select><br><br>

        <input type="submit" value="Submit">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Note: This example demonstrates a simple HTML form that collects the user's name, email, gender, and country. When the user submits the form, the data can be sent to a server for processing.

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

a. Define CSS with its purpose.

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation (the look and formatting) of a document written in HTML or XML. The purpose of CSS is to separate the content and structure of a web page (which is handled by HTML) from its visual presentation, allowing web developers to control and customize how web pages appear to users.
  

b. Write any four advantages of using CSS.

• Superior Styles: CSS provides a wider array of styling attributes compared to HTML, allowing for more sophisticated and visually appealing designs.
• Global Web Standards: As HTML attributes become deprecated, it's recommended to use CSS for styling, making web pages compatible with future browsers.
• Faster Page Loading: CSS allows the reuse of styles across multiple elements, reducing the need to write repetitive HTML attributes and resulting in faster page loading times.
• Offline Browsing: CSS can store web applications locally with an offline cache, enabling users to view websites offline and improving website performance.
  

c. What is CSS syntax? What does it include?

• CSS syntax consists of a set of rules that define how styles are applied to HTML elements. It includes:
• Selectors: These specify which HTML elements the style rules should apply to.
• Properties: These define the specific aspect of the element's appearance that you want to style, such as color, font size, or margin.
• Values: Values set the property to a particular setting, like "blue" for color or "12px" for font size.
• Declarations: A declaration is a property-value pair separated by a colon and terminated by a semicolon.
• Declaration Block: A group of declarations enclosed in curly braces {}. It defines the complete style rule for a particular selector.

Example:

p {

    color: red;

    text-align: center;

}

d. Why are CSS selectors used?

Answer: CSS selectors are used to target and apply styles to specific HTML elements within a web page. They allow you to define which elements should be styled based on criteria like element name, class, id, attributes, and more. By using CSS selectors, you can create consistent and targeted styling across different parts of your web page, making it easier to manage and maintain the design. Selectors are essential for ensuring that the appropriate styles are applied to the right elements, enhancing the visual presentation and user experience of the website.

a. What are the common CSS measurement units?

Answer: CSS supports various measurement units that are used to define sizes and distances in style rules. These measurement units include:

• Pixels (px): A pixel is a single dot on a screen. It is commonly used for defining fixed sizes.
• Percentage (%): Percentage units are relative to the parent element's size. For example, setting a width to 50% means the element will take up half of its parent's width.
• Em (em): The em unit is relative to the font size of the element itself. It allows for scalable and responsive designs.
• Rem (rem): Similar to em, the rem unit is relative to the root element's font size (usually the <html> element). It provides consistent scaling across the entire document.
• Points (pt): Points are commonly used in print design. One point is approximately 1/72nd of an inch.
• Inches (in), Centimeters (cm), Millimeters (mm): Absolute measurement units that are used for print styles or specific design requirements.
  

b. What is a style sheet? How are internal and external style sheets declared?

Answer: A style sheet is a collection of style rules that define the appearance and layout of HTML elements on a web page. It contains CSS declarations that specify how various elements should be displayed, such as colors, fonts, margins, and more.

Internal Style Sheet: An internal style sheet is declared within the <style> element in the <head> section of an HTML document. It applies styles only to the current HTML page.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

/* Internal style sheet */

body {

  background-color: powderblue;

}

h1 {

  color: blue;

}

p {

  color: red;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<!-- Content goes here -->

</body>

</html>

External Style Sheet: An external style sheet is defined in a separate CSS file and linked to the HTML document using the <link> element. This style sheet can be shared across multiple HTML pages, ensuring consistent styling.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

</head>

<body>

<!-- Content goes here -->

</body>

</html>

c. What is CSS font? Write the use of Font-size and font family?

Answer: CSS font refers to the styling applied to the text within HTML elements. It includes properties like font-size, font-family, font-weight, and more. Two commonly used properties are:

• Font-size: The font-size property sets the size of the text. It can be defined in various units such as pixels, ems, percentages, etc. This property is used to control the visual size of the text.

Example:

h1 {

  font-size: 24px; /* Font size in pixels */

}

p {

  font-size: 1.5em; /* Font size in em units */

}

• Font-family: The font-family property defines the typeface or font family to be used for the text. It can be set to a specific font name or a generic font family.

Example:

body {

  font-family: Arial, sans-serif; /* Specific font or generic family */

}

In the above example, the text within the <h1> element will have a font size of 24 pixels, and the text within the <p> element will have a font size of 1.5 times the font size of its parent element. The font family for the entire body will be set to Arial, and if Arial is unavailable, a sans-serif font will be used as a fallback.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

a. Write the difference between CSS padding and CSS margin.

Answer: CSS padding and CSS margin are both properties used for controlling space around HTML elements, but they serve different purposes:

Padding: CSS padding is the space between the content of an element and its border. It defines the inner spacing of an element. Padding is used to create space inside the element, separating its content from its border.
Example:

p {

  border: 1px solid powderblue;

  padding: 30px; /* Creates space inside the element */

}

Margin: CSS margin, on the other hand, is the space outside the border of an element. It defines the outer spacing of an element. Margins are used to create space between elements, separating them from each other.

Example:

p {

  border: 1px solid powderblue;

  margin: 50px; /* Creates space outside the element */

}

p {

  border: 1px solid powderblue;

  margin: 50px; /* Creates space outside the element */

}

Note: Padding affects the inside of an element, while margin affects the space outside an element.

b. What is CSS text? Write any two text properties.

CSS text refers to the styling and formatting of text content within HTML elements. It allows you to control the appearance of text, including its color, alignment, decoration, and more. Two common CSS text properties are:

color: The color property sets the color of the text. It allows you to specify the text color using various methods, such as color names, hexadecimal values, or RGB values.
Example:

p {

  color: blue; /* Sets the text color to blue */

}

text-align: The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text within an element. It can be used to align text to the left, right, center, or justified.

Example:

h1 {

  text-align: center; /* Centers the text horizontally */

}

c. Write the use of img and link in Cascading Style Sheets.

Answer: In Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), img and link elements serve specific purposes:

• img (Image): The img element in CSS is used to style and control the presentation of images on a web page. You can apply CSS properties to img elements to define borders, margins, padding, and other visual attributes of images. For example, you can add a border, control the image size, or round the corners of an image using CSS.
  Example:

img {

  border: 1px solid #ddd; /* Adds a border around the image */

  border-radius: 4px; /* Rounds the corners of the image */

  padding: 5px; /* Adds padding around the image */

  width: 150px; /* Sets the width of the image */

}

Example:
<img src=“navajyoti.jpg" alt=“Navajyoti”> <!-- The image element in HTML -->

link: The link element in CSS is not related to styling images but rather to define external style sheets (CSS files) that are linked to an HTML document. By using the link element, you can include an external CSS file to apply styles consistently across multiple web pages. This helps maintain a separation between content (HTML) and presentation (CSS), making it easier to manage and update styles.

Example:

<!-- Linking an external CSS file to an HTML document -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

In this example, the link element links the HTML document to an external CSS file named "styles.css," allowing the styles defined in "styles.css" to be applied to the HTML content.

d. Discuss any four advantages of CSS.

Answer: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) offers several advantages for web design and development:

• Separation of Content and Presentation: CSS allows web developers to separate the structure and content of a web page (HTML) from its presentation and styling. This separation enhances code maintainability, readability, and reusability.
  
• Consistency: CSS promotes consistent styling across multiple web pages. By applying the same external CSS file to various pages, designers can ensure a uniform look and feel throughout a website.
  
• Efficiency: CSS enables efficient web page loading. By centralizing styling instructions in external CSS files, browsers can cache these files, reducing the need to reload styles for subsequent pages, which speeds up the loading process.
  
• Flexibility and Control: CSS provides precise control over the styling of HTML elements. Designers can target specific elements or classes with CSS rules, allowing for intricate designs, responsive layouts, and tailored styling for different screen sizes and devices.
  
• Accessibility: CSS supports accessibility features, making it easier to create web content that is more accessible to individuals with disabilities. For example, CSS can be used to define text alternatives for images and control the visual presentation of content to improve readability.
  
• Maintenance: Changes to a website's design or layout can be implemented more efficiently with CSS. Design modifications can be made in a single CSS file, which automatically updates the styling across all associated web pages, reducing the need for extensive code changes.
  
• Print Styles: CSS allows designers to create separate styles for printed versions of web pages. This feature is especially useful for generating printer-friendly content with customized formatting, such as hiding navigation elements and adjusting page margins.
  
• Search Engine Optimization (SEO): CSS can enhance SEO efforts by providing clean and semantically structured HTML. This makes it easier for search engine crawlers to index content accurately, leading to improved search engine rankings.

1. Write very short answers to the following questions:

a. Write any two client-side programming?

• JavaScript, jQuery
  

b. What type of language is PHP?

• Server-side scripting language
  

c. Who developed the first HTML document?

• Tim Berners-Lee

d. Is <body> a singular tag?

• No, it's a paired tag.

e. Write popular text editor to type HTML contents.

• Sublime Text, Visual Studio Code

f. What should be the extension of the HTML document?

• .html

g. What is the purpose of <title> tag?

• Specifies the title of the web page

h. Which is the largest heading tag?

• <h1>

i. Write the entity name to generate space in HTML.

• &nbsp;

j. Which attribute is used to change font style?

• font-family

k. What is the function of  tag?

• Subscript: It defines subscripted text.

l. What type of tag is <IMG>?

• Image tag

m. Which tag is used to include data in the table?

• <td>

n. What is the function of <UL> tag?

• Unordered list: It defines a bulleted list.

o. Write the syntax of <A> (anchor) tag.

• <a href="URL">Link Text</a>

p. Which element of <Input> tag is used to submit value?

• <input type="submit">

q. What is the use of CSS selector?

• CSS selectors are used to target specific HTML elements for styling.

r. Write any two CSS measurement units.

• Pixels (px), percentages (%)

s. Which CSS property is used to control the capitalization of text?

• text-transform

t. Write two states of CSS link.

• :link and :hover

u. Which CSS property is used to define space?

• margin

v. Which symbol is used to terminate CSS declaration?

• Semicolon (;)

w. Write any two examples of popular text editor software.

• Notepad++, Atom

x. Write the HTML element to create a non-breaking space.

• <HTML>&nbsp;</HTML>

y. Write the general format of CSS syntax.

• Selector { Property: Value; }

z. What is the use of <Input> tag in HTML form?

• The <input> tag is used to create input fields within an HTML form.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. HTML is a high level programming language. False

b. We can change background color of HTML document. True

c. Web browser is a program that helps us to create web pages. False

d. <TITLE> is used to give heading of web page. False

e. Global web standard is one of the advantages of CSS. True

Match the following:
I.

Group A	Group B
Notepad	Text editor software
Tim burners Lee	First HTML document
Attribute	Additional information
Mozilla Firefox	Web browser software

II.

Group A	Group B
CSS declaration	Property value
a:hover	Mouse pointer
/* comment */	CSS comment
<style>	Internal style

4.  Choose the correct answer from the given options.

a. When did Tim Burners Lee created the first webpage?

i. 1995 ii. 1990

iii. 1985 iv. 1980

Answer: ii. 1990

b. Which of the following is not text editor??

i. Notepad ii. Word pad

iii. Photoshop iv. All of the above

Answer: iii. Photoshop

c. Which tag is the attribute of <FONT> tag?

i. <SUP> ii. <SUB>

iii. <Strike> iv. All of the above

Answer: iv. All of the above

d. Which of the following is singular tag?

i. <IMG> ii. <BODY>

iii. <LI> iv. <TABLE>

Answer: i. <IMG>

e. What is the extension of HTML file format?

i. .HTM ii. .DOC

iii. .HMT iv. .TXT

Answer: i. .HTM

f. Which of the following is an attribute of <Marquee> tab?

i. Body ii. Type

iii. Direction iv. Size

Answer: iii. Direction

g. Which of the following is web browser software?

i. Internet explorer ii. Opera

iii. Google chrome iv. All of the above

Answer: iv. All of the above

h. Which tag is used to create data entry form in HTML?

i. Frame ii. INPUT

iii. FORM iv. Create

Answer: iii. FORM

i. What is the background color of the web page, by default?

i. Black ii. White

iii. Blue iv. Red

Answer: ii. White

j. In which languages the dynamic web pages are written?

i. Programming language ii. High level language

iii. Scripting language iv. Machine level language

Answer: iii. Scripting language

k. Which of the following is type of CSS selector?

i. Element selector ii. Class selector

iii. ID selector iv. All of the above

Answer: iv. All of the above

5. Give the appropriate technical term of the following.

a. The server computer in the internet that stores web sites.

Answer: Web server

b. The electronic digital document created using HTML.

Answer: Web page

c. The tag that raises a text from the normal position.

Answer: Superscript

d. The element which includes the entire content of the HTML document.

Answer: Body element

e. The process of uploading HTML document.

Answer: Publishing (or Uploading)

f. The selector which selects elements with a specific class attributes.

Answer: Class selector

6. Fill in the blanks with correct word.

a. Web pages are usually viewed on web browsers.

b. Ampersand character precede the entity reference.

c. A tag is a keyword enclosed in angle brackets.

d. #000000 color code can we set for black in HTML.

e. The CSS border property defines a border around HTML element.

7. Write down the necessary HTML tags for the following purposes.

a. To specify the URL of the destination anchor.

<a href="URL_here">Link Text</a>

b. To drop the text from the normal position.

_{Subscript Text}

c. To make the text "COMPUTER" bold.

<strong>COMPUTER</strong>

d. To give title as "FIRST WEB PAGE"

<title>FIRST WEB PAGE</title>

e. To apply background color in CSS.

body {

  background-color: #f0f0f0;

}

8. Write down the full form of the following

a. WWW - World Wide Web

b. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol

c. DHTML - Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language

d. URL - Uniform Resource Locator

e. HRef - Hypertext Reference

f. CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

g. ASP - Active Server Pages

h. PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor

i. SQL - Structured Query Language

j. JSP - JavaServer Pages