MORAL GRADE 8 (BLE) Notes

UNIT 1

Lesson 1: Aaitaman: Pride of the Village

a) Which incident inspired Aaitaman?

Aaitaman was inspired by an incident involving a small insect carrying food and trying multiple times to reach the top of a terrace, despite falling down several times.

 

b) What types of people fall under the supreme class?

The supreme class of humans are those who never give up on a task they've initiated and keep fighting with obstacles until they finally accomplish it.

 

c) How was the problem of muddy road solved?

Aaitaman solved the problem of the muddy road in the village by picking pebbles from the field and paving the way. This made the road easier to walk on and also made the field fertile for growing crops.

 

d)  What was the mistake of Aaitaman’s brother?

Aaitaman's younger brother made the mistake of throwing a piece of paper near the school gate.

 

e) What was discussed after Aaitaman shared his reading on biography to his friends?

After Aaitaman shared his reading on biographies with his friends, they discussed the importance of developing good character through disciplined behavior and not just by listening to others.

 

f) What should we do to be a role model?

To be a role model, one should demonstrate fairness, be ready for social welfare, express good notions and behave accordingly, work confidently, and inspire others to do the same.

Lesson 2: Let’s be a Good Example

 

a. Why was the garden beautiful?
The garden was beautiful because it was full of new sprouts from mango trees, and the surrounding area was full of the fragrance of the mango sprouts. The brambles under the mango trees were also considered beautiful.

b. Who was the person walking near to the garden?
The person walking near the garden was Jyotiraj, who was a former teacher of the students.

 

c. What are the ways of changing the bad one into good?
According to Jyotiraj, good things can change bad things in society. The example of the mango sprout spreading its fragrance and making the surrounding area fragrant was given. The same concept can be applied to human society, where a good person can have a positive impact on the community.

 

d. How was the nature of the saint?
The nature of the saint was gentlemanly and devoted to social welfare. He was known for his selfless service and received awards for his good deeds. He was a person of high moral values and did not like to seek fame through advertisement.

 

e. What was the good aspect of the fruit seller?
The good aspect of the fruit seller was that he was honest and sold the fruits at a fair price, even though he could have taken advantage of the customers and charged more.

 

f. How can a person affect the society?
A person can affect the society by being good and spreading positive values. Good behavior and positive actions can have a ripple effect in society and make it a better place.

 

g. What did the students learn while returning to their home?

While returning home, the students learned that they can have a positive impact on society by being good and spreading positivity, just like the mango sprout spreading its fragrance and changing the surrounding area into a beautiful place. They also learned that they can learn from the good actions of others, such as the saint and the fruit seller, and strive to be a positive influence in their community. 

Lesson 3: Think positively, Learn and Do.

a. Who does a nation influence to?
A nation influences its people.

 

b. How can we raise prestige of a nation?
The prestige of a nation can be raised by the morality, honesty, civilization and cooperation of its citizens.

c. How has the whole world become like a house?
The whole world has become like a house because of the development of communication.

 

d. What are the things which we should be careful of ?
We should be aware of negative impacts and follow positive impacts.

 

e. What are the things we should give up and what we should receive from others?
We should give up negative impacts and receive positive impacts from others through rigorous selection.

 

f. Why are nation and its people inseparable?
Nation and its people are inseparable because they influence each other.

UNIT 2:

Lesson 1: True Soul Mates

a) What is the determinant of human value?
The determinant of human value is virtue, also known as spiritual value, which is what inspires a man to think of good to others. Spiritual value cannot be sold, bought, or exchanged.

b) What are the spiritual values?
Spiritual values include patience, truth, good conduct, peace, love, and non-violence.

c) Why does the human soul need a good friend?
The human soul needs a good friend because friendship with good qualities such as truthfulness, self-contentment, good conduct, peace, love, and non-violence, leads us to the right path, resulting in a noble life and pure soul.

d) What did Buddha want to teach Ananda?
Buddha wanted to teach Ananda the importance of patience, which is a spiritual value, by demonstrating how patience grants us a desired outcome.

e) What are the two ways to keep us fit and healthy?
The two ways to stay fit and healthy are yoga and meditation. Yoga is the unison of body and soul, and meditation is a way to calm the mind.

Lesson 2: My Real Identity.

3. Answer the following questions in brief:

a. Write any four clues to make us both clever and intelligent.
Four clues to become both clever and intelligent are:
1.Travelling far and wide,
2. Making friendship with a wise man,
3. Participating in seminars and conferences,
4. Reading literature.

b. What kind of place is Lumbini?
Lumbini is a religious place widely known for its piety and is considered a great religious pilgrimage for Buddhists.

 

c. What makes Nepal known to the world?
Nepal is known to the world for its diverse landscape and its historical and cultural heritage, including the birthplace of Buddha, which has been listed as a world cultural heritage site.

 

d. What makes learning permanent?
Learning becomes permanent when it is associated with experiences and emotions, and when it is reinforced through repetition and application.

 

e. What inspires us to have patriotic feeling?
Patriotism is inspired by the love for one's country, its history, cultural heritage, and the sacrifices made by past generations for its independence and prosperity.

 

f. What are the advantages of teamwork?
Advantages of teamwork include: increased creativity, the ability to share workload, increased motivation and inspiration, improved communication and collaboration, and increased problem-solving skills.

 

g. What is our common responsibility?
Our common responsibility is to preserve and protect our cultural heritage and historical sites, so that future generations can continue to appreciate and learn from them.

h. What did the teacher suggest us to do?
The teacher suggested visiting Lumbini to enhance patriotism and learn about preserving national heritage.

i. What sort of values do you think it to preserve historical places?
Values to preserve historical places include: respect for cultural heritage, appreciation for the sacrifices made by past generations, recognition of the significance of these sites to future generations, and the responsibility to preserve them for future generations to appreciate and learn from.

4. Write a short summary of the given chapter.
The chapter describes a school excursion to Lumbini, a religious and cultural site in Nepal, where the birth of Buddha took place. The trip was organized after the annual exams and the students were accompanied by one of their teachers who acted as a guide and guardian. During the trip, the students saw diverse landscapes and beautiful sights that inspired feelings of patriotism. They also visited the Ashoka Pillar, a national emblem of Nepal, and the Mayadevi Temple, the exact birth place of Buddha. The chapter highlights the importance of preserving the historical and cultural heritage of Nepal and the teacher emphasizes the need for all Nepalese to preserve and protect these cultural treasures. The chapter also mentions four ways to become clever and intelligent: traveling, making friends with wise people, participating in seminars and conferences, and reading literature.

Lesson 3: Universal Relationship

a. How can we keep a good friendship?
Answer: To keep a good friendship, one should exhibit polite behavior and follow the principle of universal brotherhood. This can bring peace in the world.

 

b. How can we win the heart of others?
Answer: By exhibiting polite behavior, following the principle of universal brotherhood, and showing mutual respect, security, and cooperation, one can win the heart of others.

 

c. How do you recognize universal brotherhood?
Answer: Universal brotherhood can be recognized by acknowledging the existence of others, not harming others' territory, religion, culture, and values, and by exhibiting polite behavior and following the principle of coexistence.

 

d. What can be done to keep a friendly relation between or among the countries in the world?
Answer: To keep a friendly relation between or among the countries in the world, each country should make a policy that comprises of mutual respect, security, and sovereignty of the other country. The principle of coexistence is the key to establishing a cooperative environment.

 

e. Why is mutual help necessary between the countries?
Answer: Mutual help is necessary between the countries because no country can suffice everything it needs. A country needs help to develop itself, face natural calamities, or control crime. Therefore, cooperation is necessary to fulfill its needs and get them fulfilled.

 

f. What are the international values?
Answer: The international values are mutual respect, tolerance, friendly relation, and cooperation. These values strengthen international relationships among the countries and are similar to the Panchasil Principles, which play a vital role in maintaining harmony in the world.

 

g. What way has Nepal contributed to establish universal brotherhood?
Answer: Nepal has contributed to establish universal brotherhood by participating in peacekeeping missions in war-prone countries. The citizens of those countries are highly indebted with Nepal, and Nepalese have received international awards for doing work of international value.

 

h. What are the advantages of doing the duty sincerely?
Answer: The advantages of doing the duty sincerely are that it contributes to international norms and values, and it equally shares a grain of world peace, recognition, and fraternity for an individual, regardless of their age, gender, and status.

Unit 3:

Lesson 1: The Civic Duties and Responsibility

a. Why do you think was the sum from the prize deducted?
The sum from the prize was deducted because it was a tax.

 

b. Who is indirectly benefitted by the tax we have paid?
The government and the state are indirectly benefitted by the tax we have paid as the government invests the collected amount in its development work.

c. What does law do to us?
Law enforces good governance by providing a sense of security and protection. It restricts us if we defy it and gives us freedom if we follow it.

 

d. What sort of representative do we wish to have?
We wish to have a true representative who speaks for us and makes decisions for us. We want this person to be honest and know a lot about what they're doing. We also want them to listen to us and take care of our needs. They should be good at finding solutions to problems and have shown that they can do a good job in the past.

 

e. Why should we cast vote?
We should cast vote to choose the right candidate as our representative, it is a self-evaluation process and an exercise of our right as a citizen.

 

f. What kinds of places deserve preservation?
Places of historical, cultural, and natural significance deserve preservation.

 

g. What should we do to empower the nation?
To empower the nation, it is important to be aware of the fundamental laws of the country, to cast votes in elections, and to pay taxes.

 

h. What kind of things should be informed to the concerned authority?
Things that could have an impact on the well-being of the community should be informed to the concerned authority.

Page 43. Lesson 2 My Duty

In this content, Binita explains to Bibek the importance of rising early in the morning and being time-conscious. She emphasizes that rising early can make us physically and mentally fresh, and that it can help us to be more productive and successful. Binita also explains to Bibek the concept of responsibility, and she tells him that it is important for him to fulfill his duties as a member of the family. She explains that this includes having a team spirit and working together with the other members of the family, thinking about the betterment of the family, and being economical with money. Binita also advises Bibek to be aware of opportunities and to be able to grasp and utilize them in a proper way. Finally, Bibek makes a commitment to try to be more responsible and to contribute to the well-being of the family.

 

a. Why should we get up early in the morning?
We should get up early in the morning because it can make us physically and mentally fresh and help us to be more productive and successful.

b. How can we shoulder the family responsibility?
We can shoulder the family responsibility by fulfilling our duties as a member of the family, including having a team spirit, working together with the other members of the family, and thinking about the betterment of the family.

c. What is economical behavior?
Economical behavior refers to using money in a responsible and thrifty way, investing it in things that are necessary for the well-being of the family, and avoiding wasteful or unnecessary expenses.

d. How can our family be prosperous?
Our family can be prosperous by being responsible and working together, investing in necessary things, and avoiding unnecessary expenses.

e. What commitment does Bibek make?
Bibek makes a commitment to try to be more responsible and to contribute to the well-being of the family.

 

 

Page 51: Misrilal: A true social worker.

a. Why was Misrilal deprived of education?
Misrilal was deprived of education because there was no school when he was supposed to go to school.

b. What sort of nightmare frightens villagers? 
The villagers were frightened by a nightmare in which they saw their village turning into a dirty and unhealthy place.

c. How did Misrilal clean the pond in the village? 
Misrilal cleaned the pond in the village by going to the pond every day and cleaning it himself, and also trying to stop others from dumping garbage in it.

 

d. Why did the villagers help Misrilal?
The villagers helped Misrilal because they realized they had been unjust to him by not helping him and mocking him instead, and they made a promise to be cooperative to him in the work of all sorts.

 

e. What kind of facilities did Misrilal provide to the ageing people and the orphans in the village?
Misrilal provided facilities such as a school, a health clinic, and an orphanage for the aging people and orphans in the village.

 

f. What changes could be seen at Kisanpur ultimately?
The changes that could be seen at Kisanpur ultimately included a clean pond, a separate drainage system, and trees planted on the edge of the pond.

 

g. What sort of work deserves respect?
Work that deserves respect is work that is done for the betterment of society, regardless of whether others support or understand it.

 

 

Page 54: Peace and Friendship.

a) How can elocution (art of speaking) be refined? 
To refine elocution, one should practice speaking regularly, get feedback from others, and be aware of one's own weaknesses and faults.

b) What is peace?
Peace is a state of well-being and happiness in mind and body. It can be achieved through patience, tolerance, giving up envy, satisfaction, and a sense of helping others.

 

c) How is peace transferred/communicated?
Peace can be transferred or communicated through the actions, thoughts, and values of an individual who has internalized peace.

 

d) How is a society formed?
A society is formed by individuals and families coming together and interacting with each other.

e) What is meant by social peace?
Social peace is the state of harmony and well-being within a society.

f) What is highlighted in the ancient sayings?
Ancient sayings highlight the importance of peace and harmony for the welfare of all living beings and the world.

g) What types of tools are considered as the momentary tools?
Momentary tools for peace include patience, tolerance, and a sense of helping others.

h) How can we be in peace forever? 
To be in peace forever, one should strive to maintain internal peace and extend it to others through positive actions, thoughts, and values.

 

i) What should we do to make the world a peaceful garden?
To make the world a peaceful garden, one should work towards achieving peace at the individual, family, and societal levels, and protect nature and the surrounding environment.

 

j) Why are peace and friendship called the two hands of our heart?
Peace and friendship are called the two hands of the heart because they work together to create a harmonious and fulfilling life.

 

Page No. 60) Ganga’s Effort

a) Why can't children reach school on time?
The children in Ganga's village couldn't reach school on time because they had to walk a long distance through the jungle to get to school.

 

b) Why didn't the villagers like to migrate?
The villagers in Ganga's village didn't like to migrate because they were attached to their land and their way of life.

 

c) What had Ganga heard in her childhood?
Ganga heard in her childhood that education was important and could change a person's life.

 

d) What did Ganga plan with the money she had saved?
Ganga planned to use the money she had saved to build a school in her village.

 

e) Which proposal of the villagers did Ganga deny?
Ganga denied the proposal of the villagers to use the money to build a temple.

 

f) How is the water tank protected?
The water tank in Ganga's village is protected by a fence and a watchman.

 

g) How do the villagers respect Ganga?
The villagers respect Ganga for her hard work and dedication to improving the lives of the people in her village.

 

 

Page 66: A Story of Five Brothers.

a) How was the relation between the palm and fingers?
The relation between the palm and fingers was that of a leader and followers.

 b) What did the five fingers decide?
The five fingers decided to work together to accomplish their tasks.

c) What did the palm order the fingers to do?
The palm ordered the fingers to work together and not to fight with each other.

d) How did the palm and fingers maintain good relation?
The palm and fingers maintained good relation by working together and not arguing with each other.

e) How should we work to get success? 
To get success, we should work together and not fight with each other.

f) What is the moral of the story? 
The moral of the story is that we should work together and not fight with each other to achieve success.

 

 Unit 5: Discipline and Positive Thinking

Lesson 1: Regret

a) What was the reason behind the quarrel among friends?
The reason behind the quarrel among friends was cheating in a football competition.

b) What should one not do if he/she has no devotion to work? 
One should not do anything if they have no devotion to work.

c) What kind of person has to suffer?
A person who is not devoted to their work suffers.

d) With what attitude/feeling should one not work? 
One should not work with a sense of revenge.

e) What should we do to become wise?
To become wise, we should learn from our mistakes and take inspiration from others' successes.

 

Lesson 2: Inner Eyes

a) How do you define negative thinking?
Negative thinking is characterized by fault-finding, weakness, pessimism, and criticism.

b) What is positive thinking?
Positive thinking is characterized by the recognition of strengths, optimism, and the identification of good in others and situations.

c) What type of thought is generated from discriminating nature? 
Negative thinking is generated from a discriminating nature.

d) How can the inner eyes be identified?
Inner eyes can be identified through wisdom and the ability to recognize good, bad, truth, and false.

e) What is the reason behind a man being cheated?
A man is cheated when he is unable to identify his own potential.

f) What type of person is hard to find?
A person with inner eyes and potential is hard to find.

g) In what case do our ways of seeing and speaking become one-sided?
Our ways of seeing and speaking become one-sided when we do not consider the value of others' labor and are indulged in greed.

h) What should be done to eradicate pessimistic idea?
To eradicate pessimistic ideas, we should recognize the value of others' labor, not be indulged in greed, and identify the causes behind negative actions.

i) What did you learn from Kailash's grandmother? 
I learned about the concept of inner eyes and potential, the difference between positive and negative thinking, and the importance of recognizing the value of others' labor and not being indulged in greed.

Lesson 3: Excess of Anything is Destructive.

a) Why did the fox enter the orchard?
The fox entered the orchard because he was attracted to the ripe fruit in the orchard and was hungry.

b) Why could the fox not run away from the orchard?
The fox could not run away from the orchard because he had overeaten and his belly was swollen, making it difficult for him to fit through the hole in the wall through which he had entered.

c) What types of people are happy?
People who fulfill their fundamental needs and do not overindulge in unnecessary desires are happy.

d) What are desires called in Nitibachan?
Desires are called "a power that always remains young or never turns old" in Nitibachan.

e) How does a man become over ambitious?
A man becomes over ambitious when he desires things that cannot be fulfilled by any means.

f) What should we do to become satisfied?
To become satisfied, we should classify the level of our needs and only fulfill the fundamental ones, instead of overindulging in unnecessary desires.

g) How is vanity exposed?
Vanity is exposed when a person's pride in their own abilities or achievements leads to overconfidence or arrogance. 

h) What types of people are jealous?
Jealous people are envious of others' successes or possessions.

i) What type of people become good and successful?
Good and successful people prioritize their work and act according to their capacity, and do not overindulge in unnecessary desires. 

j) What should we do to become a real human?
To become a real human, we should be happy with what we have and not overindulge in unnecessary desires, control our anger, and prioritize our work.

 

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

1. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

2. Short answer questions.

3. Long answer questions.
a. Family is a small unit of social organization. Clarify.
A family is a small unit of social organization that refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together. A family unit can consist of parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives.

The family is considered a basic building block of society, and plays a crucial role in providing emotional and physical support, as well as stability, to its members. The structure and dynamics of a family can vary greatly across cultures and time periods, but the core idea of a family as a social unit remains constant.

The family unit is responsible for the upbringing and care of its members, and helps to instill values, norms, and beliefs that shape the individual's personal and social identity. It also serves as a source of love, comfort, and security for its members, and provides a sense of belonging and community.

b. Discipline is the base of student life. Justify.
Discipline is an essential aspect of student life as it helps students to achieve their goals and become successful in both their academic and personal lives. By following rules and routines, students learn to develop self-control and take responsibility for their actions. This discipline instills a sense of order and stability in their lives, which helps them to focus on their studies and make the most of their education.

Moreover, discipline helps students to develop a strong work ethic and learn the importance of meeting deadlines and following through on commitments. It teaches students the value of perseverance and determination, and helps them to build the skills and habits necessary for success in all areas of life. Whether they are working on a school project or participating in a sports team, discipline is key to their success.

In addition, discipline is essential for creating a safe and supportive learning environment. By establishing clear expectations and guidelines, students are able to focus on their studies and participate in a positive, cooperative atmosphere. Discipline helps to maintain a positive school culture and fosters a sense of community among students, teachers, and parents.

Overall, discipline is an important foundation for a successful student life. It helps students to develop the skills and habits necessary for success, and supports a positive and supportive learning environment. Whether students are just starting their education or working towards their final exams, discipline is the key to their success.

c. Explain the role of Nepal to establish peace in the world.
The role of Nepal in establishing peace in the world is by contributing to peacekeeping missions in war-prone countries and by following the principles of universal brotherhood. Nepal believes in the idea of extending universal brotherhood and the common human values. The country supports cooperation between nations and individuals as cooperation is necessary for fulfilling the needs of the countries. Nepal has received recognition and respect from other countries for its contribution to peacekeeping missions and by exhibiting good behavior. Individuals in Nepal also share the responsibility of promoting international norms and values by exhibiting polite behavior and by doing their duty towards maintaining world peace and fraternity.

d. Make a list of the ways to increase spiritual value of human.
Here are some lists of ways to increase the spiritual value of a human.

a. Patience: Patience is an important part of spiritual value and grants desired outcomes.Truth: Truth is a spiritual value that inspires a man to think of good for others. It leads to virtues like self-satisfaction, good conduct, love and non-violence.

b. Good Conduct: Good conduct helps to discipline the self and act accordingly. It transforms hell into heaven and leads to a better human life.

c. Peace: Peace plays a pivotal role in inculcating spiritual heritage in humans and is important for individuals, nations, and the world.

d. Good friends: Good friends are truthful, self-content, have good conduct, peace, love and non-violence. These virtues are spiritual values that lead to the right path and help to purify the soul.

e. Write advantages and disadvantages of the spiritual friends.
Advantages of having spiritual friends:

Patience: Spiritual friends can help inculcate patience, which is an important spiritual value, and can lead to a desired outcome.

Good conduct: Good conduct is a spiritual value that can lead to a better human life and is facilitated by spiritual friendship.

Truth: Truth is a spiritual value that can lead to a sense of self-satisfaction and good conduct.

Peace: Spiritual friends can provide peace and help inculcate the spiritual heritage in humans.

Love: Love and non-violence are facilitated by spiritual friendship, leading to a sense of peace.

Good health: Practices such as yoga and meditation, which are considered spiritual values, can be incorporated into one's life through spiritual friendship.

Disadvantages of having spiritual friends:
There are no disadvantages of having spiritual friends.

f. What should be done to maintain peace and harmony in the society?
To keep peace and harmony in a society, people need to work together. This means:
1. Being kind and respectful to each other, even if we are different.
2. Talking and listening to each other to solve problems.
3. Not being violent or hurting others.
4. Making sure everyone has the same chances in life.
5. Following the rules and making sure everyone follows them too.
6. Learning about each other and getting along.
7. Being active in the community and helping each other.

3. Creative answer questions.

a. What are the ten points that agree with the statement "Extreme harms more"?1) Overambition can lead to destructive behavior.
2) Unlimited wants and desires can never be fully satisfied.
3) Human desires are like fire and can destroy things.
4) An individual should prioritize their needs and only fulfill the first level of needs.
5) There is no limit to human desires.
6) People who desire things that can't be fulfilled by any means can be destroyed.
7) A man is led towards creative works if his desires can be fulfilled by his capacity or hard work.
8) People with uncontrolled desires and greed for unattainable desires can become over ambitious.
9) Overambitious individuals have shallow and weak ambitions.
10) If people get their desires out of control, their ambition will emerge and even minor successes will require great effort.

 

 

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